The Henle’s
Just Love Those Kids to Death
The reader of Hillary Johnson’s magnificent history of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Oslers’ Web meets Gertrude and Werner Henle, a husband and wife biological research team who emigrated from Germany to the United States in the 1930’s, in the earliest pages of the book:
“…the Henles were known reverentially as the ‘mother and father’ of Epstein-Barr virus; those who had the opportunity to study with the distinguished team universally referred to themselves as children of the Henles”.
One such worshiper was biologist Dr. Evelyne Lennette who, according to Johnson, ‘was a self-described child of the Henles.’
When the names of Werner and Gertrude Henle are couched in such gentle family analogies, it is hard to think of them in terms of biological warfare weapons development. Hard but necessary. Let’s start looking at the Henle’s presence in the literature of biowar research by referring to an early but valuable document titled “Bacterial Warfare. A Critical Analysis of the Available Agents, Their Possible Military Applications, and the Means for Protection Against Them” by Theodor Rosebury and Elvin A. Kabat, with the assistance of Martin H. Boldt. The paper was originally written in 1942.
A place to start in an analysis of Bacterial Warfare is the References cited by the authors, and when one does that one can note in the 306 citations the following:
30. Burnet, F.M. 1940 [refer to Exhibit One]
31. Burnet, F.M. & Rountree, P.M.
46. Cox, H.R. 1940
47. Cox, 1941
296. Henle, W. 1941
These references are selected from the total list because, as we shall see in the pages ahead, Frank Burnet has ties to a Dr. Carleton Gajdusek and to a Dr. Henry Kissinger; while Dr. Herald Cox has ties to Hilary Koprowski; and, Werner Henle casts a shadow of his presence over both AIDS and CFS, and has ties with all the major people who appear in the literature of these plagues. In fact he and his wife, Gertrude, are cited several times in both Edward Hooper’s seminal history of AIDS, The River,[ eleven citations in the index ] and in Hilary Johnson’s seminal history of CFS, Osler’s Web, [six citations].
And it must be noted that the Henle’s appeared in the Progress Reports of the Special Virus Cancer Program with dramatic frequency: P.R. # 8; P.R.# 9; #10; #12; #13; and #14. In 1977 in P.R.#14 alone, Werner Henle’s current research is cited 27 times, with additional citations for Gertrude! Let’s see what Werner and Gertrude were up to in the late 1950’s …the time frame where the evidence strongly suggests that Hilary Koprowski was busily translating the mycoplasmal studies of Huebner and the retroviral studies of Sigurdsson into a viable biological co-factor pathogen, while Fritz Deinhardt was concurrently studying hepatitis and how the cholesterol-producing liver re-acts to cholesterol-consuming mycoplasma.
When one examines the work of the Henle’s during this critical period one begins to feel that they were not just the loving god parents of all those sick children at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [CHOP]. In fact, Fritz Deinhardt as a fellow in the Henle’s laboratory was actually reporting to the Henle’s as his boss during his hepatitis research. Furthermore, it turns out that the expenses for all of this was being paid for by the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board! And talk about the Henle’s love of children given their long service at CHOP, well, Fritz Deinhardt, their research Fellow, turned up at the Willowbrook Home for Handicapped Children where he experimentally exposed the children to hepatitis so that he could study the progress of the disease on a controlled (and totally defenseless) group of human guinea pigs.
It was shortly after his hepatitis experiments upon the Willowbrook children that Deinhardt flew off to the Belgian Congo with Hilary Koprowski. In the Congo, at the chimpanzee farm at Camp Lindi, the Henle’s employee Deinhardt experimented on the chimps with hepatitis pathogens while Koprowski experimented more or less on the record with polio pathogens. That, at any rate, was the cover story and such work did, in fact, go on. However, as Edward Hooper has so astutely pointed out: when one adds together the chimps used for polio experiments and those used for hepatitis experiments, the total falls dramatically short of the number of chimpanzees that were used for medical research at Camp Lindi! Something other than polio and hepatitis was being researched and that we declare with confidence was the co-factor pathogen of immunosuppressant mycoplasma and retroviral visna.
The Henle’s, who loved children, are the godparents of AIDS.
But how about all of those researchers who said of the Henle’s that the latter were their figurative father and mother? Evelyne Lennette, for example?
Well, it turns out that there was an Edwin Lennette working with none other than Robert Huebner and together they were studying such esoteric matters as the induction of lymphoma and xenotropic viruses. And later on Edwin Lennette would work with a veterinarian named Dharam Ablashi who came to be regarded as an expert in chronic fatigue syndrome. Later still Dharam began to work closely with Evelyne Lennette in the same specialized field: both were ‘experts’ in CFS. But there was more to Edwin Lennette than that. During World War Two he had worked for the Rockefeller Institute in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil with none other than Hilary Koprowski.
Furthermore, there is evidence that the pathogen labeled HIV-2 which, strangely enough is the dominant strain of HIV found in former Portuguese colonies, and in Brazil which is culturally and linguistically linked to Portugal, has genetic links to two of Lennette’s special fields of study: equine encephalitis and yellow fever.
So, just where are we? Well, Edwin Lennette and Hilary Koprowski had worked together for the Rockefellers in Brazil during World War 11. Then, Lennette turned up working with Robert Huebner who had discovered the role of the PPLO or mycoplasma in the ‘spontaneous degeneration’ of the adenoids and the suppression of the immune system.
Later, Koprowski began work at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia where he co-operated with Werner and Gertrude Henle who, in turn, had contracts with the United States Army to do research into hepatitis for which enterprise they recruited a research fellow named Fritz Deinhardt. About the same time they acted as the intellectual ‘father and mother’ to another Lennette engaged in microbiological research, Dr. Evelyne Lennette. Dr. Evelyne Lennette would later emerge as a dictatorial leader of research into an AIDS ‘mirror image’ called CFS when the latter disease hit the world with dramatic virulence in 1981.
Oh what tangled webs we weave…But the question is: was there a link between Evelyne Lennette and her figurative father-mother figures, the Henle’s, and the Edwin Lennette who had worked with both Koprowski and Huebner and other scientists who in turn had spawned AIDS and delivered it to humanity?
Hillary Johnson named her study of CFS astutely when she titled it “Osler’s Web”, for in this great book the same cast of characters who appear in Edward Hooper’s equally magnificent history of AIDS [The River] are woven together in a complex far too intricate to be simply coincidence. There’s a master spider in the shadows.
We’ll answer further questions of Lennette involvement in the later chapter: ‘The Rockefellers’ Stable of Talent” below. In the meantime, let’s take a further look at the Henle’s.
In chapter four above, we noted that Hilary Koprowski, when he joined the Wistar Institute in 1957 had entered into an agreement with the Clinton State Farms (Prison for Women) wherein he could vaccinate newborns with some of his mystery vaccines. It turns out that Werner and Gertrude Henle also had their own agreement with that institution wherein they could vaccinate female ‘volunteers’ with a hepatitis vaccine being developed by their research fellow, Fritz Deinhardt. The Henle’s then co-operated with Deinhardt to write a report to the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board titled ‘Viral Hepatitis’.
An Interlude: David Carr: Pretreated! But for What?
In 1959 a British sailor named David Carr from Manchester died of AIDS-related illnesses such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [PCP] and cytomegalovirus [CMV]. How is it possible that a death can occur in 1959 that is tied to an acquired immune deficiency disease, when the disease now known as AIDS was not even existent in the world? And how can we suggest that Hilary Koprowski and others were responsible for the development of AIDS when, at the time of David Carr’s death in 1959, the whole ‘Koprowski Krowd’ was still labouring in the fields of militarily-financed research in Philadelphia and the Congo?
The answers to these and other questions suggest that some three to six years before Carr’s death, he had been infected with a precursor disease agent based upon the earliest application of Huebner’s mycoplasmal research. Just where was Carr during that latter time frame? It turns out that four years before, in 1955, Carr had joined the Royal Navy. At that time he had received the usual battery of vaccines given recruits into the military. However, in 1956 (three years before his death) in addition to the usual vaccines, Carr had been given an ‘ATT’ injection and, it was noted on his medical records, he was ‘pretreated’! But, the records do not say what he had been pretreated for. According to Edward Hooper, to whom we are greatly indebted for this information, a senior British Navy medical officer commented when asked: “It sounds like he was being pretreated for something he was going to be exposed to”.
Is it possible that David Carr in 1956 had been pretreated with Huebner’s immune suppressing mycoplasma with the view to subsequent treatment with a Sigurdsson retrovirus or other disease pathogen which would flourish when the victim’s immune defence system had been compromised?
We’ll leave the answer to this question until later, but in the meantime we want to make it clear that there existed then and there continues to exist, a level of covert communication between certain factions within allied services that would have been at work in respect to such research at the time Carr received his ‘pretreatment’.
As soon as the potential of Huebner’s discoveries became evident, (i.e. the late 1940’s to the early 1950’s) certain officers in the Royal Navy, and possibly in the Royal Australian and the Royal Canadian Navies, would have been briefed and their co-operation invited in exploring the phenomenon further. The present writers have in their files a confidential memo written by a Canadian military doctor, Major Tim Cook, to his Commander-in-Chief, General Baril. In the memo Major Cook advises Baril that the mycoplasma is not a factor in Gulf War Disease. If Cook really believes that, all well and good, but… we also learned that Major Cook then sent a copy of the memo that he had written for his commanding officer to an officer in a foreign military service! And just who was the recipient of this betrayal of military duty and trust? The memo was sent to Captain Kenneth Craig Hyams of the United States Navy’s biological warfare research organization. The successor group to that for which Huebner had been working in the 1940-50’s.
End of an Interlude
Summary
By the latter half of the 1950’s, Werner and Gertrude Henle were well tied in with two important research streams. One stream, being developed by Koprowski grew out of Huebner’s earlier work with naval recruits and the mycoplasma-induced adenoid degeneration and immune suppression. The other stream, which also grew out of Huebner’s work with the mycoplasma and the latter’s deleterious effect upon the liver, dealt with hepatitis. Both the immune suppressive qualities of the mycoplasma and the damage to the liver had to be tested upon chimpanzees and both Koprowski and Deinhardt began testing programs at Camp Lindi with the co-operation of the Belgian government of the Congo. Furthermore, tests upon women and children under state control in prisons and homes for mentally and physically handicapped children took place. The Henle’s provide an active and important link between Koprowski and Deinhardt and so figure as important contributors to the ultimate achievement of a new microorganism, one which does not naturally exist and which is refractory to the human immune system. Just what Dr. MacArthur knew was coming when he briefed select Congressmen on June 9, 1969.
However, besides the fatal pathogen promised, AIDS, MacArthur had promised another pathogen, one which would disable by altering the immune system: CFS. The Henle’s were well positioned to participate in this endeavor as well.
Tuesday, November 4, 2008
AIDS: Made in America part 4
Hilary Koprowski
The Hilary Koprowski Krowd: Just Monkeying Around
By 1952 two important scientific factors for the ultimate development of the co-factors of AIDS were in place, albeit in a rudimentary and poorly understood way: the immune suppressing mycoplasma and an early understanding of the retrovirus. It was enough to require some sort of testing to determine whether the promise that the co-factors seemed to hold, could in fact be realized. This state of knowing some things but not knowing others was not enough to prevent further efforts to put what was known to work as soon as possible. Robert Gallo himself admitted as much when he wrote in another context:
“Some commentators on the history of science have noted that scientists did not need to understand any fundamentals or mechanisms to come up with antibiotic cures for some bacterial diseases, nor did Sabin, Salk and Koprowski need to know how the polio virus worked to develop their vaccines.”
So it was with the powerful and hidden patrons of those scientists whose scientific research could be put to work to develop a deadly pathogen based upon the co-factors being developed.
The PPLO of Huebner, which turned out to be a species of mycoplasma, did not have to be understood in order to see that its great capacity to compromise the immune system and to cause the degeneration of cells could be an important component of a new microorganism. A microorganism composed of co-factors, which did not naturally exist, as Dr. MacArthur was later to tell certain Congressmen on June 9, 1969, but one, which would be refractory to the human immune system. At the same time these patrons saw that the mycoplasma if united with the visna retrovirus of Sigurdsson could open the way for the latter disease agent to have its way within the body of a targeted victim. The mycoplasma would lower the immune defence system and the retroviral RNA of visna could then access selected cells and direct those cells’ DNA to reproduce copies of its mutated self.
And this is just what happened.
If we skip ahead to July, 1972, and if we study the Special Virus Cancer Program, Progress Report #9 we find on page 39 the following statement: “We have for the first time demonstrated that the … RNA directed DNA polymerase, can be activated by alteration of the physiological endocrine balance.” The RNA directed DNA polymerase is the retrovirus at work. It can be put to work if the endocrine balance of the body is altered… and that is just what happens when the mycoplasma up-takes pre-formed cholesterol to meet its own absolute growth requirements. When the cholesterol is up-taken, the production of hormones in the endocrine system is altered because it is cholesterol from which the secretory glands manufacture hormones. The altered endocrine system in turn compromises the immune system.
However, the researchers of 1952 did not know these mechanics of the pathogenic co-factors. All that they and their patrons knew was that the mycoplasma altered cellular immune defence and that permitted retroviruses, such as visna of sheep, to do something they couldn’t do before: invade the cell’s DNA and create in humans the scrapie already seen in infected sheep.
Huebner and Sigurdsson’s work could be united. What was needed was some scientist of sufficient skill to do the science, and of sufficient moral deficiency to permit him to undertake such a task. Also, there had to be a place to do the work… one, which was totally and completely under the control of the patrons. There also had to be a cover story so that when the world saw the skilled scientist in the new physical facility doing all manner of biological research, there would be no suspicion that the goal of the whole enterprise was to slow the rate of growth of the world’s population. Finally, there had to be a way to get the new co-factors into the blood of the targeted victims without them knowing that they were being doomed to a terrible death.
And this is where one of the Rockefellers enters the scene as an active participant, rather than simply as the source of direction and funding.
In November 1951, war hero General Dwight Eisenhower was elected President of the United States. Between the date of his election and the day that he took office, he had to put together a Cabinet to run the vast machines of the bureaucracy. One person that he had to recruit was obviously one of the most political of the powerful Rockefeller family: Nelson Rockefeller.
To most peoples’ surprise, Nelson Rockefeller chose the job of Undersecretary of Health Education and Welfare [HEW]. At last one of the scions of one of the world’s most ardent eugenics-driven families had a toehold in government. And when
“…he became an administrator in charge of the new agency’s $2 billion budget and 35,000 -member staff , he began immediately setting up a war room….(H)e seemed to work through advisors that were hazy figures on the periphery of the internal administration. They were people who apparently were tied in with the numerous Rockefeller outside interests.”
And Nelson Rockefeller’s major outside interest was eugenics, and to advance this passion and co-op the public health agencies into the biowar weapons research of the military.
After these agencies of health and defence had been melded and the Department of Health was effectively a Department of Death, Rockefeller was appointed as Eisenhower’s ‘Special Assistant for Cold War Strategy’. Effectively, Rockefeller was in command of the Central Intelligence Agency, and was ready to declare a covert war against a major enemy: humanity. He began by taking direction of the CIA program known as MKULTRA, which had been launched in 1953. Ostensibly, the program was to be a secret study of ‘brain-washing’ in response to the work of the Chinese on prisoners of war from the Korean conflict. Under Rockefeller the MKULTRA expanded from one secret program to one program which held within itself several other secret programs, including MKNAOMI and MKDELTA, and quite possibly the MK-SVLP we have already encountered.
But, we are getting ahead of ourselves. We must first go back to 1952 and the research of Huebner and Sigurdsson. The eugenicists, led by the Rockefellers, needed someone to bring Huebner’s mycoplasma and Sigurdsson’s retrovirus together, and their man to do this was right there. Ready willing and able: Hilary Koprowski.
Hilary Koprowski had been born in Poland, educated as a microbiologist, and fled to Italy ahead of the German invaders. He immigrated to Brazil where he was employed by none other than the Rockefeller Foundation. Following the war he moved to the United States where he found employment with Lederle Laboratories, the pharmaceutical arm of American Cyanamid. He worked with Dr. Herald Cox from 1946 to 1950 developing a polio vaccine. American Cyanamid and Herald Cox were secretly engaged in biological weapons research as a photo in the official history of Fort Detrick was later to reveal, for there, right in the front row was Dr. Herald Cox.
The man, Hilary Koprowski, a Rockefeller alumnus, was available to follow up on the Huebner/ Sigurdsson research. Now, to find a place.
The place had to be somewhere that did not have a solid, informed Board of Directors already in place. Further, there could not be pre-existing staff already doing professional research. The answer was found when the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia was suddenly activated to be more than a biological museum as it had been. Then, in 1957 Hilary Koprowski was named its director. Koprowski moved rapidly to convert it into a beehive of biological research activity. The frontispiece of such activity was to be a search for an effective and safe polio vaccine. That was to be the cover, and like many covers devised by those working on covert programs, it had to have a level of activity in its professed field. Koprowski gave it this quality by doing extensive work in polio vaccine research. However, all the evidence points to other work going on beneath the surface that had to do with Huebner’s mycoplasma and Sigurdsson’s visna retrovirus.
The evidence for this conclusion lies in the fact that one of Koprowski’s early colleagues in his extended and re-furbished research laboratory was one named Leonard Hayflick. Dr. Hayflick turns up later in the history of AIDS development when it is reported in the SVCP, Progress Report #8, that when the public health agencies/ department of defence partners in biowar research decided to establish a Mycoplasma Research Institute, they appointed Hayflick to run it.
With the man and the place established, and with MKULTRA help in financing the activities, thanks to Nelson Rockefellers’ role in the Eisenhower administration, the answer to the question of a suitable cover was already at hand. On his transfer from Lederle it was decided that Koprowski would simply bring with him his Lederle research on polio vaccines, together with another Rockefeller alumnus, Tom Norton, to the Wistar.
The role of the CIA in financing the acquisition and re-modeling of Wistar is now hard to determine since, when the Watergate scandal broke, all known MKULTRA documents were collected and destroyed. However, a few pages managed to escape the destruction and these are now available to us. From these pages there are several references for the need of secure research and testing facilities, including a new wing for a hospital that was to play a part in the on-going efforts.
Thus, during the time frame, 1950-1960, Koprowski did his cover work on developing a polio vaccine while engaged in some mystery work for which he lost all record during a move! Unfortunately his dates on all of this are hopelessly inconsistent and suggest that the records were not lost but were destroyed. For example, he stated at one point that the records of his work from 1956 to 1970 had been lost when he moved to the Wistar in 1956!
However that may be, while engaged in whatever he was engaged in, Koprowski was also busy establishing a chimpanzee camp in the Belgian Congo. Ostensibly, the chimps were to be used to test his evolving polio vaccine, but therein lies another problem for him. It seems that the number of chimps used for polio research were reasonably well accounted for, and according to AIDS-historian, Edward Hooper, this figure falls well short of the number of chimps actually sacrificed during the period. Something other than polio vaccine was being tested at Camp Lindi in the Congo. The missing chimps were not those used concurrently by Friedrich (“Fritz”) Deinhardt when he was testing a hepatitis vaccine upon which he was working. Plain and simply…several chimps were used to test something that Koprowski and his colleagues wanted kept off the record.
We think that the evidence we now have is sufficient to warrant us declaring that Koprowski and certain others were working at Wistar to create a co-factor pathogen based upon Huebner’s mycoplasma and Sigurdsson’s retrovirus and that this pathogen was then tested on chimps at Camp Lindi.
Furthermore, given the fact that the mycoplasma has a very serious adverse effect upon the liver due to the up-take of liver-produced cholesterol, Fritz Deinhardt’s hepatitis vaccine was a correlative program which would find a role in the hepatitis program in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco in the mid-seventies, when gay men were offered a free hepatitis vaccine.
Koprowski and Deinhardt had something else in common besides testing mystery vaccines on chimps in the Belgian Congo. Back in Philadelphia both worked very closely during this period with Drs. Werner and Gertrude Henle at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. And we shall learn more about the fate of children in the care of the Henle’s in the next article of this Special Edition of JODD.
However, at this point we need to consider the use of children by Koprowski as human guinea pigs for his research products. In this area, Koprowski had an interesting agreement with the Clinton State Farms (Prison for Women). Under this agreement, and with the consent [called in all cases ‘informed volunteer consent’] pregnant inmates who delivered their children in prison were ‘requested’ to have their babies vaccinated by Dr. Koprowski with his ‘polio’ vaccine. And here we have a very suggestive and intriguing development. The evidence is that in late 1957 or early 1958, a newborn baby of an inmate received Koprowski’s ‘polio’ protection. Then, sixteen years later this vaccinated child born in Clinton and used as a test object by Koprowski had, by 1973, become a promiscuous drug addict in New Jersey, and had a baby of her own. And here is where the suggestive and intriguing development occurs: five years later, in 1979, the baby died of AIDS!
Obviously too young to be a drug user or promiscuous, it seems evident that she had caught the disease at birth from an AIDS-infected mother. Where, in 1979, could a 16-year-old have contracted the disease? The reasonable explanation is that Koprowski’s neonatal vaccination was the source of the mother’s disease. Then, as often happens, the mother, although a carrier presents no signs of the disease herself, but passes on a more virulent disease agent to her children at their birth. We will come back to Clinton State Farms and the use of children as unwitting guinea pigs.
However, before leaving Koprowski we need to note that many scientists observed during this period that Koprowski had a very special friend named Robert Gallo. It was, said one scientist who knew both men well, a ‘father-son relationship’! The significance of this warm friendship will become evident in ‘Robert Gallo,’ p.23.
Summary
Hilary Koprowski was another stud in the Rockefeller stable of scientific talent, joining Bjorn Sigurdsson. As the Director of the front Wistar Institute, Koprowski worked to develop a polio vaccine, while at the same time engaged in a number of mystery activities which required testing on children, prison inmates and chimpanzees in the Congo. All these activities can be linked to later manifestations of the AIDS/ CFS epidemics to officially hit the world in 1981.
The Hilary Koprowski Krowd: Just Monkeying Around
By 1952 two important scientific factors for the ultimate development of the co-factors of AIDS were in place, albeit in a rudimentary and poorly understood way: the immune suppressing mycoplasma and an early understanding of the retrovirus. It was enough to require some sort of testing to determine whether the promise that the co-factors seemed to hold, could in fact be realized. This state of knowing some things but not knowing others was not enough to prevent further efforts to put what was known to work as soon as possible. Robert Gallo himself admitted as much when he wrote in another context:
“Some commentators on the history of science have noted that scientists did not need to understand any fundamentals or mechanisms to come up with antibiotic cures for some bacterial diseases, nor did Sabin, Salk and Koprowski need to know how the polio virus worked to develop their vaccines.”
So it was with the powerful and hidden patrons of those scientists whose scientific research could be put to work to develop a deadly pathogen based upon the co-factors being developed.
The PPLO of Huebner, which turned out to be a species of mycoplasma, did not have to be understood in order to see that its great capacity to compromise the immune system and to cause the degeneration of cells could be an important component of a new microorganism. A microorganism composed of co-factors, which did not naturally exist, as Dr. MacArthur was later to tell certain Congressmen on June 9, 1969, but one, which would be refractory to the human immune system. At the same time these patrons saw that the mycoplasma if united with the visna retrovirus of Sigurdsson could open the way for the latter disease agent to have its way within the body of a targeted victim. The mycoplasma would lower the immune defence system and the retroviral RNA of visna could then access selected cells and direct those cells’ DNA to reproduce copies of its mutated self.
And this is just what happened.
If we skip ahead to July, 1972, and if we study the Special Virus Cancer Program, Progress Report #9 we find on page 39 the following statement: “We have for the first time demonstrated that the … RNA directed DNA polymerase, can be activated by alteration of the physiological endocrine balance.” The RNA directed DNA polymerase is the retrovirus at work. It can be put to work if the endocrine balance of the body is altered… and that is just what happens when the mycoplasma up-takes pre-formed cholesterol to meet its own absolute growth requirements. When the cholesterol is up-taken, the production of hormones in the endocrine system is altered because it is cholesterol from which the secretory glands manufacture hormones. The altered endocrine system in turn compromises the immune system.
However, the researchers of 1952 did not know these mechanics of the pathogenic co-factors. All that they and their patrons knew was that the mycoplasma altered cellular immune defence and that permitted retroviruses, such as visna of sheep, to do something they couldn’t do before: invade the cell’s DNA and create in humans the scrapie already seen in infected sheep.
Huebner and Sigurdsson’s work could be united. What was needed was some scientist of sufficient skill to do the science, and of sufficient moral deficiency to permit him to undertake such a task. Also, there had to be a place to do the work… one, which was totally and completely under the control of the patrons. There also had to be a cover story so that when the world saw the skilled scientist in the new physical facility doing all manner of biological research, there would be no suspicion that the goal of the whole enterprise was to slow the rate of growth of the world’s population. Finally, there had to be a way to get the new co-factors into the blood of the targeted victims without them knowing that they were being doomed to a terrible death.
And this is where one of the Rockefellers enters the scene as an active participant, rather than simply as the source of direction and funding.
In November 1951, war hero General Dwight Eisenhower was elected President of the United States. Between the date of his election and the day that he took office, he had to put together a Cabinet to run the vast machines of the bureaucracy. One person that he had to recruit was obviously one of the most political of the powerful Rockefeller family: Nelson Rockefeller.
To most peoples’ surprise, Nelson Rockefeller chose the job of Undersecretary of Health Education and Welfare [HEW]. At last one of the scions of one of the world’s most ardent eugenics-driven families had a toehold in government. And when
“…he became an administrator in charge of the new agency’s $2 billion budget and 35,000 -member staff , he began immediately setting up a war room….(H)e seemed to work through advisors that were hazy figures on the periphery of the internal administration. They were people who apparently were tied in with the numerous Rockefeller outside interests.”
And Nelson Rockefeller’s major outside interest was eugenics, and to advance this passion and co-op the public health agencies into the biowar weapons research of the military.
After these agencies of health and defence had been melded and the Department of Health was effectively a Department of Death, Rockefeller was appointed as Eisenhower’s ‘Special Assistant for Cold War Strategy’. Effectively, Rockefeller was in command of the Central Intelligence Agency, and was ready to declare a covert war against a major enemy: humanity. He began by taking direction of the CIA program known as MKULTRA, which had been launched in 1953. Ostensibly, the program was to be a secret study of ‘brain-washing’ in response to the work of the Chinese on prisoners of war from the Korean conflict. Under Rockefeller the MKULTRA expanded from one secret program to one program which held within itself several other secret programs, including MKNAOMI and MKDELTA, and quite possibly the MK-SVLP we have already encountered.
But, we are getting ahead of ourselves. We must first go back to 1952 and the research of Huebner and Sigurdsson. The eugenicists, led by the Rockefellers, needed someone to bring Huebner’s mycoplasma and Sigurdsson’s retrovirus together, and their man to do this was right there. Ready willing and able: Hilary Koprowski.
Hilary Koprowski had been born in Poland, educated as a microbiologist, and fled to Italy ahead of the German invaders. He immigrated to Brazil where he was employed by none other than the Rockefeller Foundation. Following the war he moved to the United States where he found employment with Lederle Laboratories, the pharmaceutical arm of American Cyanamid. He worked with Dr. Herald Cox from 1946 to 1950 developing a polio vaccine. American Cyanamid and Herald Cox were secretly engaged in biological weapons research as a photo in the official history of Fort Detrick was later to reveal, for there, right in the front row was Dr. Herald Cox.
The man, Hilary Koprowski, a Rockefeller alumnus, was available to follow up on the Huebner/ Sigurdsson research. Now, to find a place.
The place had to be somewhere that did not have a solid, informed Board of Directors already in place. Further, there could not be pre-existing staff already doing professional research. The answer was found when the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia was suddenly activated to be more than a biological museum as it had been. Then, in 1957 Hilary Koprowski was named its director. Koprowski moved rapidly to convert it into a beehive of biological research activity. The frontispiece of such activity was to be a search for an effective and safe polio vaccine. That was to be the cover, and like many covers devised by those working on covert programs, it had to have a level of activity in its professed field. Koprowski gave it this quality by doing extensive work in polio vaccine research. However, all the evidence points to other work going on beneath the surface that had to do with Huebner’s mycoplasma and Sigurdsson’s visna retrovirus.
The evidence for this conclusion lies in the fact that one of Koprowski’s early colleagues in his extended and re-furbished research laboratory was one named Leonard Hayflick. Dr. Hayflick turns up later in the history of AIDS development when it is reported in the SVCP, Progress Report #8, that when the public health agencies/ department of defence partners in biowar research decided to establish a Mycoplasma Research Institute, they appointed Hayflick to run it.
With the man and the place established, and with MKULTRA help in financing the activities, thanks to Nelson Rockefellers’ role in the Eisenhower administration, the answer to the question of a suitable cover was already at hand. On his transfer from Lederle it was decided that Koprowski would simply bring with him his Lederle research on polio vaccines, together with another Rockefeller alumnus, Tom Norton, to the Wistar.
The role of the CIA in financing the acquisition and re-modeling of Wistar is now hard to determine since, when the Watergate scandal broke, all known MKULTRA documents were collected and destroyed. However, a few pages managed to escape the destruction and these are now available to us. From these pages there are several references for the need of secure research and testing facilities, including a new wing for a hospital that was to play a part in the on-going efforts.
Thus, during the time frame, 1950-1960, Koprowski did his cover work on developing a polio vaccine while engaged in some mystery work for which he lost all record during a move! Unfortunately his dates on all of this are hopelessly inconsistent and suggest that the records were not lost but were destroyed. For example, he stated at one point that the records of his work from 1956 to 1970 had been lost when he moved to the Wistar in 1956!
However that may be, while engaged in whatever he was engaged in, Koprowski was also busy establishing a chimpanzee camp in the Belgian Congo. Ostensibly, the chimps were to be used to test his evolving polio vaccine, but therein lies another problem for him. It seems that the number of chimps used for polio research were reasonably well accounted for, and according to AIDS-historian, Edward Hooper, this figure falls well short of the number of chimps actually sacrificed during the period. Something other than polio vaccine was being tested at Camp Lindi in the Congo. The missing chimps were not those used concurrently by Friedrich (“Fritz”) Deinhardt when he was testing a hepatitis vaccine upon which he was working. Plain and simply…several chimps were used to test something that Koprowski and his colleagues wanted kept off the record.
We think that the evidence we now have is sufficient to warrant us declaring that Koprowski and certain others were working at Wistar to create a co-factor pathogen based upon Huebner’s mycoplasma and Sigurdsson’s retrovirus and that this pathogen was then tested on chimps at Camp Lindi.
Furthermore, given the fact that the mycoplasma has a very serious adverse effect upon the liver due to the up-take of liver-produced cholesterol, Fritz Deinhardt’s hepatitis vaccine was a correlative program which would find a role in the hepatitis program in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco in the mid-seventies, when gay men were offered a free hepatitis vaccine.
Koprowski and Deinhardt had something else in common besides testing mystery vaccines on chimps in the Belgian Congo. Back in Philadelphia both worked very closely during this period with Drs. Werner and Gertrude Henle at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. And we shall learn more about the fate of children in the care of the Henle’s in the next article of this Special Edition of JODD.
However, at this point we need to consider the use of children by Koprowski as human guinea pigs for his research products. In this area, Koprowski had an interesting agreement with the Clinton State Farms (Prison for Women). Under this agreement, and with the consent [called in all cases ‘informed volunteer consent’] pregnant inmates who delivered their children in prison were ‘requested’ to have their babies vaccinated by Dr. Koprowski with his ‘polio’ vaccine. And here we have a very suggestive and intriguing development. The evidence is that in late 1957 or early 1958, a newborn baby of an inmate received Koprowski’s ‘polio’ protection. Then, sixteen years later this vaccinated child born in Clinton and used as a test object by Koprowski had, by 1973, become a promiscuous drug addict in New Jersey, and had a baby of her own. And here is where the suggestive and intriguing development occurs: five years later, in 1979, the baby died of AIDS!
Obviously too young to be a drug user or promiscuous, it seems evident that she had caught the disease at birth from an AIDS-infected mother. Where, in 1979, could a 16-year-old have contracted the disease? The reasonable explanation is that Koprowski’s neonatal vaccination was the source of the mother’s disease. Then, as often happens, the mother, although a carrier presents no signs of the disease herself, but passes on a more virulent disease agent to her children at their birth. We will come back to Clinton State Farms and the use of children as unwitting guinea pigs.
However, before leaving Koprowski we need to note that many scientists observed during this period that Koprowski had a very special friend named Robert Gallo. It was, said one scientist who knew both men well, a ‘father-son relationship’! The significance of this warm friendship will become evident in ‘Robert Gallo,’ p.23.
Summary
Hilary Koprowski was another stud in the Rockefeller stable of scientific talent, joining Bjorn Sigurdsson. As the Director of the front Wistar Institute, Koprowski worked to develop a polio vaccine, while at the same time engaged in a number of mystery activities which required testing on children, prison inmates and chimpanzees in the Congo. All these activities can be linked to later manifestations of the AIDS/ CFS epidemics to officially hit the world in 1981.
AIDS: Made in America part 3
Bjorn Sigurdsson
From Plants to Animals to Us.
In 1946 the United States’ chief of biological weapons development reported to the Secretary of Defence that the research scientists had managed to isolate the disease active principal of bacteria in a crystalline form. This accomplishment held great significance for the creation of effective weapons. One of the major problems encountered in biowar research prior to this was the fact that bacteria were very hard to keep alive and dangerous until they could be used against an enemy. Further, methods of dispersing bacteria, such as putting them into bombs, often killed the payload before it got started. Finally, it was hard to target an enemy without exposing one’s own forces to the disease agents being used. There was always the great danger of ‘blow-back’ as happened in Korea when the U.S. tried to use the Hantavirus against the North Korean forces.
Now, if one could take only that part of a disease-carrying bacterium, and remove just the part that specifically caused the disease from its source in the form of crystals which would be easy to carry and easy to target on a foe, one would obviate many of the problems. This is just what George Merck and his researchers had learned how to do by 1946.
Reports as to just which bacteria were used in developing this crystalline and highly portable disease agent are still hidden in the Pentagon archives; however. Circumstantial evidence suggests that one of them was based on the Brucella bacteria. This highly contagious capsulated bacteria causes disease in both animals and humans. The disease that presents was named after Sir David Bruce [1855-1931], a British bacteriologist who was studying the disease on the island of Malta. The symptoms of brucellosis are dramatically similar to the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome… just what Merigan and Stevens and others in the biowar weapons program were working on in the 1960-70’s: weakness, extreme fatigue, night sweats, generalized aches and pains.
Whichever bacteria it was that Merck was talking about, the potential was clear. The disease active principal could be removed from its living source as inert crystals, and then could be communicated to the target with more precision by way of various vectors: aerosol, insect bites, or food chain. And, furthermore, regardless of which bacteria it was derived from, the new bioweapon had to be tested.
Biological weapons testing poses great hazards to all of humanity, including the testers and their families. One way to limit such danger is to do the testing in a remote, hard to access place such as an island… preferably a foreign island, such as Iceland.
That’s where Dr. Bjorn Sigurdsson of Iceland enters into the history of AIDS.
Bjorn Sigurdsson was born in Iceland in 1913 and died from kidney cancer 49 years later (1959). At the age of 24 he had graduated in medicine from the University at Reykjavik, and did further studies in Denmark. In 1941 he made another career move: he entered the Rockefeller Institute in New Jersey to study plant virology and animal virology to complement his existing expertise in human virology. From plants to animals to humans! You’ll learn the significance of this continuum later, and we’ll learn that Robert Gallo had been an early student of the science. However, at this point we need only note the entry onto the scene of the Rockefeller Institute.
Sigurdsson apparently made quite an impression upon the powers that be in the Rockefeller empire, for, after completing his plants to animals to humans virology, he returned to Iceland with a $200,000 grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to establish an Institute of Experimental Pathology. Get that name:’ experimental pathology’… Everyone understands ‘experimental’ meaning to test ideas about something, and when it is coupled with ‘pathology’, the origin and nature of diseases, the name of Sigurdsson’s new Institute is at least highly suggestive.
Sigurdsson was on his way to discovering the other factor in the AIDS co-factors: the retrovirus. Let’s trace his progress.
As luck would have it, and just after Sigurdsson’s return to Iceland, a rather remote Island in the North Atlantic which at that time was under the control of the United States’ Government, a ‘mystery’ disease broke out in the northern part of the country. But Sigurdsson was on hand to rush to the main town affected, Akureyri, and give the victims the benefit of his education in virology.
In Akureyri, Sigurdsson found that some 1,116 school children and young adults had become ill with a disease that looked for the entire world like brucellosis, but with a strange presence in a few cases of paralysis. Furthermore, something even stranger presented. In five of the children Parkinson’s Disease developed, and rapidly progressed, killing the victims.
One must keep constantly in mind that this outbreak of what appeared to be a bacterial disease (brucellosis) without the presence of the bacteria itself developed at almost the same time that George Merck was reporting that his researchers had managed to isolate the disease active principal from bacteria such as brucella.
Then something else occurred that merits reporting. After the outbreak of what came to be called ‘chronic fatigue syndrome’ a contingent of scientists, doctors, and other researchers arrived in Akureyri from none other than the Rockefeller Institute to measure the extent of the epidemic, and the continuing consequences. Sigurdsson was, of course, on hand to make his patrons at home.
After the Rockefeller contingent had completed their survey, Sigurdsson went on with his work in an area largely unexplored up until then: retroviruses.
Before going further let’s recapitulate what we have noted thus far. In the United States Robert Huebner was working towards the discovery of the mycoplasma, which is essentially a virus without a protein coat. Because certain species of the mycoplasma have an absolute growth requirement for the up-take of pre-formed sterols (including cholesterol … and keep this in mind when we get to Gallo) they can cause the ‘spontaneous degeneration’ of the cells that they invade.
If they do not cause sufficient damage to kill the cell, they at least compromise its capacity to defend itself from other disease agents, such as those which present as Kaposi’s sarcoma, pneumoniae carinii pneumonia, lymphadenopathy, and so on.
In Iceland Bjorn Sigurdsson was busy searching for the secrets of the retroviruses. After all, one of the better known retroviruses was one which infected sheep, [with sheep raising a major industry in Iceland] and was called ‘Visna’, which means ‘wasting’ in Danish. As a matter of fact there are three variants of the visna virus: Visna, itself, plus Maedi [name derived from the Danish for ‘shortness of breath’] and a third referred to as PPS…because it causes a ‘progressive pneumonia of the sheep’, and is sometimes referred to as OPP or ‘Ovine Progressive Pneumonia.’
There are two factors worthy of note here. One is the fact that the diseases in the sheep have so much in common with AIDS and CFS in humans. The wasting quality is characteristic of both, and the significant linkage to respiratory illnesses is another. In fact, in one tribute to Sigurdsson published in 1991, the late doctor was credited with laying “the base upon which AIDS research was later built.” This despite the fact that AIDS was not officially known until 1981 and Sigurdsson had died 22 years before!
The principal symptom of visna is that derived from the extreme itch which accompanies the disease. This leads infected sheep to rub themselves against trees or posts until their wool is ‘scraped’ off and hence is called scrapie. The latter word has now entered into the lexicon of western medicine where it is defined as a usually fatal disease of the nervous system characterized by emaciation, weakness and paralysis and caused by a slow virus. On autopsy the distinguishing feature of an infected brain and to a limited extent certain other organs such as the heart, is the presence of intracellular fibrillary tangles.
It was to this group of retroviruses that Sigurdsson largely devoted his research after he had finished up his 1946 to 1948 work on the mystery outbreak of CFS among school children and had acted as escort for the visiting Rockefeller investigative team.
Thus, while Huebner was appearing in the literature with articles such as “Isolation of a cytopathogenic agent [the mycoplasma] from human adenoids undergoing spontaneous degeneration in tissue culture” based upon military financed research, Sigurdsson was appearing with articles such as “Visna, a demyelinating transmissible disease of sheep” based upon Rockefeller financed research. Here you have the co-factors of AIDS: the mycoplasma and the retrovirus
Concurrent with the work of Huebner and Sigurdsson was related work by several other scientists most of whom were to appear in the Special Virus Leukemia/Lymphoid/ Cancer Reports a few years later. Among those who will turn up later in this study are J. B. Moloney, a great friend of Robert Gallo. Moloney even misappropriated money to help Gallo according to Gallo’s own admission. Another interesting researcher whose work is reported in the literature of the period is Dr. Brian Mahy. [p.26, bellow]. Like Moloney, Mahy was not only someone whose work is tied in closely with AIDS/CFS research, but also like Moloney, Mahy misappropriated over four million dollars given to him by Congress to study CFS. Then there is Dr. Maurice Hilleman who later turns up as the Chief Virologist for George Merck Pharmaceuticals. [You may recall the Merck was once the Head of the Biological and Chemical Weapons research for the U.S. Government. And there was Robert Manaker whose surname initial turns up as part of the MK-SVLP operation. Finally, in this time frame there was another Rockefeller protege: Dr. Hilary Koprowski, whose research deserves a separate article (see below), for he took the science of Huebner and Sigurdsson and turned their results into the crime beyond belief: AIDS.
Summary
Bjorn Sigurdsson’s whole career is colored by the fact that in the early 1940s he attended the Rockefeller Institute to study plant and animal virology. Since he was already an accomplished and well-regarded medical doctor, the focus upon plant and animal diseases is very suggestive. Also, the fact that the microorganism known as the mycoplasma infects plants, animals and humans can provide a reason for extending his scientific foundation beyond that which he already possessed. In addition, the wartime efforts to adapt certain animal diseases to affect humans as biological weapons [brucellosis for example] suggest that his links with the eugenics-minded Rockefeller Institute and his broadened studies were not based simply upon a professional desire to be better informed.
It is evident that Sigurdsson was an early recruit to the Rockefeller stable [see article below] and that his long-term goal was to master zoonotic diseases such as the retroviral sheep disease, Visna. The Rockefeller Foundation advanced such work by funding Sigurdsson’s Reykjavik -based Institute of Experimental Pathology. Sigurdsson was also on hand in Iceland to monitor the evident trial of a disabling disease, which possessed many of the same symptoms as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
From Plants to Animals to Us.
In 1946 the United States’ chief of biological weapons development reported to the Secretary of Defence that the research scientists had managed to isolate the disease active principal of bacteria in a crystalline form. This accomplishment held great significance for the creation of effective weapons. One of the major problems encountered in biowar research prior to this was the fact that bacteria were very hard to keep alive and dangerous until they could be used against an enemy. Further, methods of dispersing bacteria, such as putting them into bombs, often killed the payload before it got started. Finally, it was hard to target an enemy without exposing one’s own forces to the disease agents being used. There was always the great danger of ‘blow-back’ as happened in Korea when the U.S. tried to use the Hantavirus against the North Korean forces.
Now, if one could take only that part of a disease-carrying bacterium, and remove just the part that specifically caused the disease from its source in the form of crystals which would be easy to carry and easy to target on a foe, one would obviate many of the problems. This is just what George Merck and his researchers had learned how to do by 1946.
Reports as to just which bacteria were used in developing this crystalline and highly portable disease agent are still hidden in the Pentagon archives; however. Circumstantial evidence suggests that one of them was based on the Brucella bacteria. This highly contagious capsulated bacteria causes disease in both animals and humans. The disease that presents was named after Sir David Bruce [1855-1931], a British bacteriologist who was studying the disease on the island of Malta. The symptoms of brucellosis are dramatically similar to the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome… just what Merigan and Stevens and others in the biowar weapons program were working on in the 1960-70’s: weakness, extreme fatigue, night sweats, generalized aches and pains.
Whichever bacteria it was that Merck was talking about, the potential was clear. The disease active principal could be removed from its living source as inert crystals, and then could be communicated to the target with more precision by way of various vectors: aerosol, insect bites, or food chain. And, furthermore, regardless of which bacteria it was derived from, the new bioweapon had to be tested.
Biological weapons testing poses great hazards to all of humanity, including the testers and their families. One way to limit such danger is to do the testing in a remote, hard to access place such as an island… preferably a foreign island, such as Iceland.
That’s where Dr. Bjorn Sigurdsson of Iceland enters into the history of AIDS.
Bjorn Sigurdsson was born in Iceland in 1913 and died from kidney cancer 49 years later (1959). At the age of 24 he had graduated in medicine from the University at Reykjavik, and did further studies in Denmark. In 1941 he made another career move: he entered the Rockefeller Institute in New Jersey to study plant virology and animal virology to complement his existing expertise in human virology. From plants to animals to humans! You’ll learn the significance of this continuum later, and we’ll learn that Robert Gallo had been an early student of the science. However, at this point we need only note the entry onto the scene of the Rockefeller Institute.
Sigurdsson apparently made quite an impression upon the powers that be in the Rockefeller empire, for, after completing his plants to animals to humans virology, he returned to Iceland with a $200,000 grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to establish an Institute of Experimental Pathology. Get that name:’ experimental pathology’… Everyone understands ‘experimental’ meaning to test ideas about something, and when it is coupled with ‘pathology’, the origin and nature of diseases, the name of Sigurdsson’s new Institute is at least highly suggestive.
Sigurdsson was on his way to discovering the other factor in the AIDS co-factors: the retrovirus. Let’s trace his progress.
As luck would have it, and just after Sigurdsson’s return to Iceland, a rather remote Island in the North Atlantic which at that time was under the control of the United States’ Government, a ‘mystery’ disease broke out in the northern part of the country. But Sigurdsson was on hand to rush to the main town affected, Akureyri, and give the victims the benefit of his education in virology.
In Akureyri, Sigurdsson found that some 1,116 school children and young adults had become ill with a disease that looked for the entire world like brucellosis, but with a strange presence in a few cases of paralysis. Furthermore, something even stranger presented. In five of the children Parkinson’s Disease developed, and rapidly progressed, killing the victims.
One must keep constantly in mind that this outbreak of what appeared to be a bacterial disease (brucellosis) without the presence of the bacteria itself developed at almost the same time that George Merck was reporting that his researchers had managed to isolate the disease active principal from bacteria such as brucella.
Then something else occurred that merits reporting. After the outbreak of what came to be called ‘chronic fatigue syndrome’ a contingent of scientists, doctors, and other researchers arrived in Akureyri from none other than the Rockefeller Institute to measure the extent of the epidemic, and the continuing consequences. Sigurdsson was, of course, on hand to make his patrons at home.
After the Rockefeller contingent had completed their survey, Sigurdsson went on with his work in an area largely unexplored up until then: retroviruses.
Before going further let’s recapitulate what we have noted thus far. In the United States Robert Huebner was working towards the discovery of the mycoplasma, which is essentially a virus without a protein coat. Because certain species of the mycoplasma have an absolute growth requirement for the up-take of pre-formed sterols (including cholesterol … and keep this in mind when we get to Gallo) they can cause the ‘spontaneous degeneration’ of the cells that they invade.
If they do not cause sufficient damage to kill the cell, they at least compromise its capacity to defend itself from other disease agents, such as those which present as Kaposi’s sarcoma, pneumoniae carinii pneumonia, lymphadenopathy, and so on.
In Iceland Bjorn Sigurdsson was busy searching for the secrets of the retroviruses. After all, one of the better known retroviruses was one which infected sheep, [with sheep raising a major industry in Iceland] and was called ‘Visna’, which means ‘wasting’ in Danish. As a matter of fact there are three variants of the visna virus: Visna, itself, plus Maedi [name derived from the Danish for ‘shortness of breath’] and a third referred to as PPS…because it causes a ‘progressive pneumonia of the sheep’, and is sometimes referred to as OPP or ‘Ovine Progressive Pneumonia.’
There are two factors worthy of note here. One is the fact that the diseases in the sheep have so much in common with AIDS and CFS in humans. The wasting quality is characteristic of both, and the significant linkage to respiratory illnesses is another. In fact, in one tribute to Sigurdsson published in 1991, the late doctor was credited with laying “the base upon which AIDS research was later built.” This despite the fact that AIDS was not officially known until 1981 and Sigurdsson had died 22 years before!
The principal symptom of visna is that derived from the extreme itch which accompanies the disease. This leads infected sheep to rub themselves against trees or posts until their wool is ‘scraped’ off and hence is called scrapie. The latter word has now entered into the lexicon of western medicine where it is defined as a usually fatal disease of the nervous system characterized by emaciation, weakness and paralysis and caused by a slow virus. On autopsy the distinguishing feature of an infected brain and to a limited extent certain other organs such as the heart, is the presence of intracellular fibrillary tangles.
It was to this group of retroviruses that Sigurdsson largely devoted his research after he had finished up his 1946 to 1948 work on the mystery outbreak of CFS among school children and had acted as escort for the visiting Rockefeller investigative team.
Thus, while Huebner was appearing in the literature with articles such as “Isolation of a cytopathogenic agent [the mycoplasma] from human adenoids undergoing spontaneous degeneration in tissue culture” based upon military financed research, Sigurdsson was appearing with articles such as “Visna, a demyelinating transmissible disease of sheep” based upon Rockefeller financed research. Here you have the co-factors of AIDS: the mycoplasma and the retrovirus
Concurrent with the work of Huebner and Sigurdsson was related work by several other scientists most of whom were to appear in the Special Virus Leukemia/Lymphoid/ Cancer Reports a few years later. Among those who will turn up later in this study are J. B. Moloney, a great friend of Robert Gallo. Moloney even misappropriated money to help Gallo according to Gallo’s own admission. Another interesting researcher whose work is reported in the literature of the period is Dr. Brian Mahy. [p.26, bellow]. Like Moloney, Mahy was not only someone whose work is tied in closely with AIDS/CFS research, but also like Moloney, Mahy misappropriated over four million dollars given to him by Congress to study CFS. Then there is Dr. Maurice Hilleman who later turns up as the Chief Virologist for George Merck Pharmaceuticals. [You may recall the Merck was once the Head of the Biological and Chemical Weapons research for the U.S. Government. And there was Robert Manaker whose surname initial turns up as part of the MK-SVLP operation. Finally, in this time frame there was another Rockefeller protege: Dr. Hilary Koprowski, whose research deserves a separate article (see below), for he took the science of Huebner and Sigurdsson and turned their results into the crime beyond belief: AIDS.
Summary
Bjorn Sigurdsson’s whole career is colored by the fact that in the early 1940s he attended the Rockefeller Institute to study plant and animal virology. Since he was already an accomplished and well-regarded medical doctor, the focus upon plant and animal diseases is very suggestive. Also, the fact that the microorganism known as the mycoplasma infects plants, animals and humans can provide a reason for extending his scientific foundation beyond that which he already possessed. In addition, the wartime efforts to adapt certain animal diseases to affect humans as biological weapons [brucellosis for example] suggest that his links with the eugenics-minded Rockefeller Institute and his broadened studies were not based simply upon a professional desire to be better informed.
It is evident that Sigurdsson was an early recruit to the Rockefeller stable [see article below] and that his long-term goal was to master zoonotic diseases such as the retroviral sheep disease, Visna. The Rockefeller Foundation advanced such work by funding Sigurdsson’s Reykjavik -based Institute of Experimental Pathology. Sigurdsson was also on hand in Iceland to monitor the evident trial of a disabling disease, which possessed many of the same symptoms as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
AIDS: Made in America part 2
Robert Huebner
Adenoids to Alzheimer’s
When Robert Huebner was asked in the early 1950’s by the United States Navy to help solve the recurring problem of a chronic but relatively mild form on pneumonia in Naval recruits, he agreed and set to work. Later, he reported his findings in a 1953 article in the Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine. But, the article didn’t focus upon the pneumonia. It dealt with a secondary phenomenon: the isolation of a disease agent from the adenoids of his naval recruits. The adenoids in the cases of chronic pneumonia presenting in the recruits were undergoing spontaneous degeneration in tissue culture!
This phenomenon of spontaneous degeneration of living tissue was to set the course for the remaining life and research of Robert Huebner, for it was to lead to the isolation and engineering of one of the critical co-factors of AIDS, and, as you shall learn, it also set Huebner on the path to his own death.
Robert J. Huebner can be pointed to as the father of AIDS.
Huebner followed his 1953 article with a series of further research reports spanning the years to 1971 when in the latter year he is credited with a total of 61 citations in Progress Report #8 of the Special Virus Cancer Program, and by 1978 he appears in Progress Report #15 as a member of one of the SVCP Committees. Among his SVCP committee colleagues are three others worthy of note: Dr. Robert Manaker who as we have seen, contributed his initial “M” to the strange antecedent program titled MK-SVLP; also listed is none other than Dr. Robert Gallo who was to later ‘co-discover’ HIV with Luc Montagnier; and, another key figure in the creation of the AIDS co-factors, George Todaro.
Again, murky isn’t it? But let’s try to sort it all out… We will demonstrate how Huebner starts with an atypical pneumonia [which is a characteristic of AIDS] , moves into the degenerating adenoids [which are lymph tissues] and then he becomes an important researcher in a program mysteriously labeled with a code name: MK-SVLP [where the ‘L’ stands for ‘leukemia/ lymphoid ] and in 1965 [ right after L. B .Johnson had won the election in his own right as President of the USA] the ‘MK’ is dropped from the original code name, and SVLP comes from the covert shadows into the relative light of day, as a mainstream US Government research enterprise, Huebner is still right there.
Then, when Nixon declared his war on cancer in 1971, Huebner made a career change. His friend, Robert Gallo, tells it this way:
“When Huebner announced his virogene-oncogene hypothesis, he had already worked for many years and with much success in the Infectious Disease Institute of the National Institutes of Health. His decision to move at this time to the National Cancer Institute, also at NIH, coincided with President Nixon’s declaration of his ‘great war on cancer’ in 1971.”
We shall see why it was that Huebner made this ‘move’ at this time, but first let’s continue with his pneumonia to adenoids research. When we do that you will see how the spontaneously degenerating adenoids was to lead to his work in cancer and finally, how it came together as a co-factor in AIDS.
Take a look at Figure Two. Note the adenoids at the top and back of the nasal cavity. And note in passing that they are just behind the receptor neuron olfactory node which allows certain air-borne molecules breathed into the nose to enter the brain and register as odors. Later we will demonstrate how this fact figured in the death of Dr. Huebner, but first we must continue with the adenoids.
The adenoids are the first line of defence in the immunological processes in the body (and keep in mind Dr. MacArthur’s statement to the Congressmen reported above, that the new lethal biowar agent the Pentagon’s eminent biologists were working on would be”… refractory to the immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease.”
In the immunological processes upon which we depend to maintain our health, the adenoids play a guardian role. They capture samples of the air that is being drawn into the lungs. If that air has some pathogenic agent, the adenoids will not stop it, but will react to it, warning the immune system of the affected individual that something is wrong with the air that he is breathing. The re-action to one of the pathogens to which humans are vulnerable, is ‘spontaneous degeneration’, which was just what Huebner had noted in his study of pleural pneumonia! That’s why Huebner devoted further attention to the degenerating adenoids. He wanted to find out what it was that was causing the pneumonia and the concurrent adenoidal disease.
At first, he could do no better than label the pathogen as a ‘pleural pneumonia-like organism’ or PPLO. He chose this name because the pathogenic agent found in the infected lungs that was causing the chronic pneumonia in the naval recruits was the same pathogenic agent he found in the degenerating adenoids.
It is worth noting in passing that Huebner had adopted a new name for the lung disease that was interfering with the Navy’s training programs. He called the disease “acute respiratory disease” or ARD. This acronym is startlingly close to another ‘acute respiratory’ illness, the severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS. We’ll see why in our later article on Shyh-Ching Lo and David Ho.
After Huebner et al had published their findings, several other biologists corrected him. It is not, properly speaking, a PPLO that is causing the ARD and the concurrent spontaneous degeneration of the adenoids they told Huebner. The PPLO, they pointed out, is really a microorganism identified in the late 1800’s by two French scientists [at the Pasteur Institute, Nocard and Roux]. The PPLO is actually a ‘mycoplasma’. Note this word carefully. It is the key to AIDS and CFS, and to a number of other neurodegenerative diseases, including the one that was to kill Dr. Huebner. It is also the feature subject of our forthcoming Aug.27-29 CCMRF Conference in Sudbury, Canada.
A Brief Anticipatory Interlude
Although we will be dealing with the mycoplasma in more detail throughout this Special Edition of JODD, at this point we want to draw your attention to something that you need to know as early as it can logically be introduced. This is just such a logical point.
It needs to be noted that the mycoplasma which Huebner stumbled upon in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s became a subject of much covert research. After all, if the Military is looking for a bioweapon what better than one which causes human tissues to spontaneously degenerate. The resultant research, much of which we have now succeeded in tracking down and which we recount in the coming pages, led to the Patenting of a pathogenic mycoplasma by the United States Department of Defence. The nominal ‘inventor’ of this disease-causing mycoplasma was Dr. Shyh-Ching Lo of the American Registry of Pathology and the Patent was granted on September 7, 1993. [See Exhibit Two, p.30].
The critical details that you need to know are on page 22 of that Patent. On that page it is asserted that persons infected with the mycoplasma will be those who have been diagnosed as having either AIDS or CFS or other disease entities such as ‘ respiratory distress syndrome’ (RDS). Compare the latter RDS with Huebner’s ARD or the current SARS. All have to do with some mysterious disease agent that affects the respiratory system… including the one that got Huebner his job with the Navy in the first place.
End of an Interlude
Just what is a mycoplasma?
A mycoplasma is a species of microorganism lacking a cell wall. It is, apparently, a particle of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. Or, as one researcher expresses it:
“The theme underlying the current evolutionary scheme of mycoplasmas is that of degenerative evolution from walled bacteria.”
In other words, we can begin to understand the mycoplasma by starting with a bacterium. The latter is a one-celled animal. It can take in nutrient, generate energy, and re-produce itself. To place it in perspective, we can contrast its one cell being with the average human adult body, which has between 50 and 100 trillion cells.
Although the bacterium has only one cell it has the ability to re-produce itself. When it does so it draws upon nucleic acids of its DNA for the blueprint of its progeny.
Now, if something kills the bacterium, there is apparently a mechanism to preserve some of the bacterial genetic make-up. In some instances particles of the bacterial DNA or RNA are able to save themselves from destruction by manufacturing a protective protein coat. Such particles are what we know of as viruses. Although such particles in their protein coats are unable to reproduce themselves alone, they can invade certain other living cells where they can in some instances, utilize their host cell’s reproductive system to reproduce itself. This is usually done to the detriment of the host cell and the consequences present as disease.
Unlike the virus, the particle of bacterial DNA/ RNA without a cell wall and called the ‘mycoplasma’ can reproduce itself outside of a host cell. However, many species can do great damage to other cells, frequently leading to cell death. Here’s how that works.
Three microbiological researchers [Rottem, Pfendt, and Hayflick] were able to demonstrate in 1971 how the mycoplasmal damage is done. It seems that certain species of mycoplasma, because they are only particles of a complete DNA/RNA have no capacity to manufacture their own growth requirements. To make up for this short-coming, while still possessing the essential urge to live, these species can up-take pre-formed sterols from their host and incorporate these sterols into their own being. Ultimately the loss of such sterols, especially from their membranes, both external and internal, leads to the death of the host, and further damage is then done. The damage that is done is broadly categorized as ‘degenerative’ and there’s where we came in… studying Huebner’s work with the spontaneously degenerating adenoid tissues in Naval recruits.
Here, apparently, is what was happening, and how this led in turn to AIDS.
The Naval recruits, sharing cramped sleeping and living quarters, were exposed to and inhaled air breathed many times over by all of them. In such an environment any pathogenic microorganism was not received and then exchanged for fresh and non-contaminated air, but was constantly being re-introduced into the lungs to challenge the immune defence processes provided by the body. In time those recruits with the least immune defence, would begin to present with the lung infection and in some cases with degenerating adenoids. And it is at the latter point that we began our study of Huebner with his Naval recruits; acute respiratory disease; degenerating adenoids; PPLO and finally the mycoplasma.
[The same principle appears to be at work today in certain work situations and the incidence of disease. For example, the largest employee groups presenting with chronic fatigue syndrome are schoolteachers, hospital workers and airline flight crews. All are exposed in their work to closed space re-circulated air for lengthy periods of time.]
Huebner followed up his initial work with the help of Drs. Manaker, Todaro and Aaronson and as we shall demonstrate in the article below [The Rockefeller Stable of Talent], all figure significantly in the so-called Special Virus Cancer Program. For example, on page 327 of the Progress Report # 8 of the SVCP Todaro is credited with an article titled “Rapid detection mycoplasma-infected cell cultures” , while on page 282 of the same document, Manaker is reported to have experimented with primates by inoculating 33 chimpanzees with the mashed up tissue of diseased human lymph glands. Finally, on page 303 of the document we find that two of these researchers, Todaro and Aaronson, were busy with Huebner himself working with a mouse sarcoma virus. (You will recall that Kaposi’s sarcoma is an important symptom of AIDS).
Summary
In the late 1940’s and early 1950’s Robert Huebner went to work with the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 4 to study chronic and recurring respiratory diseases. In the process of doing his research, he realized that the organism which gave rise to one such disease also infected the adenoids of the recruits. Further research showed that the microorganism involved in the adenoidal degeneration, which he had first labeled as a pleural pneumonia-like organism, was actually a bacterial DNA/RNA particle called a mycoplasma. Huebner and his Navy employers quickly realized that the mycoplasma had great potential in a field of research that greatly interested them all: biowar weapons development. Other researchers such as Todaro, Aaronson and Hayflick were recruited to covertly pursue the latter prospect. One of the co-factors of AIDS, the mycoplasma, was well on its way to being put to work to reduce the rate of world population growth.
Adenoids to Alzheimer’s
When Robert Huebner was asked in the early 1950’s by the United States Navy to help solve the recurring problem of a chronic but relatively mild form on pneumonia in Naval recruits, he agreed and set to work. Later, he reported his findings in a 1953 article in the Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine. But, the article didn’t focus upon the pneumonia. It dealt with a secondary phenomenon: the isolation of a disease agent from the adenoids of his naval recruits. The adenoids in the cases of chronic pneumonia presenting in the recruits were undergoing spontaneous degeneration in tissue culture!
This phenomenon of spontaneous degeneration of living tissue was to set the course for the remaining life and research of Robert Huebner, for it was to lead to the isolation and engineering of one of the critical co-factors of AIDS, and, as you shall learn, it also set Huebner on the path to his own death.
Robert J. Huebner can be pointed to as the father of AIDS.
Huebner followed his 1953 article with a series of further research reports spanning the years to 1971 when in the latter year he is credited with a total of 61 citations in Progress Report #8 of the Special Virus Cancer Program, and by 1978 he appears in Progress Report #15 as a member of one of the SVCP Committees. Among his SVCP committee colleagues are three others worthy of note: Dr. Robert Manaker who as we have seen, contributed his initial “M” to the strange antecedent program titled MK-SVLP; also listed is none other than Dr. Robert Gallo who was to later ‘co-discover’ HIV with Luc Montagnier; and, another key figure in the creation of the AIDS co-factors, George Todaro.
Again, murky isn’t it? But let’s try to sort it all out… We will demonstrate how Huebner starts with an atypical pneumonia [which is a characteristic of AIDS] , moves into the degenerating adenoids [which are lymph tissues] and then he becomes an important researcher in a program mysteriously labeled with a code name: MK-SVLP [where the ‘L’ stands for ‘leukemia/ lymphoid ] and in 1965 [ right after L. B .Johnson had won the election in his own right as President of the USA] the ‘MK’ is dropped from the original code name, and SVLP comes from the covert shadows into the relative light of day, as a mainstream US Government research enterprise, Huebner is still right there.
Then, when Nixon declared his war on cancer in 1971, Huebner made a career change. His friend, Robert Gallo, tells it this way:
“When Huebner announced his virogene-oncogene hypothesis, he had already worked for many years and with much success in the Infectious Disease Institute of the National Institutes of Health. His decision to move at this time to the National Cancer Institute, also at NIH, coincided with President Nixon’s declaration of his ‘great war on cancer’ in 1971.”
We shall see why it was that Huebner made this ‘move’ at this time, but first let’s continue with his pneumonia to adenoids research. When we do that you will see how the spontaneously degenerating adenoids was to lead to his work in cancer and finally, how it came together as a co-factor in AIDS.
Take a look at Figure Two. Note the adenoids at the top and back of the nasal cavity. And note in passing that they are just behind the receptor neuron olfactory node which allows certain air-borne molecules breathed into the nose to enter the brain and register as odors. Later we will demonstrate how this fact figured in the death of Dr. Huebner, but first we must continue with the adenoids.
The adenoids are the first line of defence in the immunological processes in the body (and keep in mind Dr. MacArthur’s statement to the Congressmen reported above, that the new lethal biowar agent the Pentagon’s eminent biologists were working on would be”… refractory to the immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease.”
In the immunological processes upon which we depend to maintain our health, the adenoids play a guardian role. They capture samples of the air that is being drawn into the lungs. If that air has some pathogenic agent, the adenoids will not stop it, but will react to it, warning the immune system of the affected individual that something is wrong with the air that he is breathing. The re-action to one of the pathogens to which humans are vulnerable, is ‘spontaneous degeneration’, which was just what Huebner had noted in his study of pleural pneumonia! That’s why Huebner devoted further attention to the degenerating adenoids. He wanted to find out what it was that was causing the pneumonia and the concurrent adenoidal disease.
At first, he could do no better than label the pathogen as a ‘pleural pneumonia-like organism’ or PPLO. He chose this name because the pathogenic agent found in the infected lungs that was causing the chronic pneumonia in the naval recruits was the same pathogenic agent he found in the degenerating adenoids.
It is worth noting in passing that Huebner had adopted a new name for the lung disease that was interfering with the Navy’s training programs. He called the disease “acute respiratory disease” or ARD. This acronym is startlingly close to another ‘acute respiratory’ illness, the severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS. We’ll see why in our later article on Shyh-Ching Lo and David Ho.
After Huebner et al had published their findings, several other biologists corrected him. It is not, properly speaking, a PPLO that is causing the ARD and the concurrent spontaneous degeneration of the adenoids they told Huebner. The PPLO, they pointed out, is really a microorganism identified in the late 1800’s by two French scientists [at the Pasteur Institute, Nocard and Roux]. The PPLO is actually a ‘mycoplasma’. Note this word carefully. It is the key to AIDS and CFS, and to a number of other neurodegenerative diseases, including the one that was to kill Dr. Huebner. It is also the feature subject of our forthcoming Aug.27-29 CCMRF Conference in Sudbury, Canada.
A Brief Anticipatory Interlude
Although we will be dealing with the mycoplasma in more detail throughout this Special Edition of JODD, at this point we want to draw your attention to something that you need to know as early as it can logically be introduced. This is just such a logical point.
It needs to be noted that the mycoplasma which Huebner stumbled upon in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s became a subject of much covert research. After all, if the Military is looking for a bioweapon what better than one which causes human tissues to spontaneously degenerate. The resultant research, much of which we have now succeeded in tracking down and which we recount in the coming pages, led to the Patenting of a pathogenic mycoplasma by the United States Department of Defence. The nominal ‘inventor’ of this disease-causing mycoplasma was Dr. Shyh-Ching Lo of the American Registry of Pathology and the Patent was granted on September 7, 1993. [See Exhibit Two, p.30].
The critical details that you need to know are on page 22 of that Patent. On that page it is asserted that persons infected with the mycoplasma will be those who have been diagnosed as having either AIDS or CFS or other disease entities such as ‘ respiratory distress syndrome’ (RDS). Compare the latter RDS with Huebner’s ARD or the current SARS. All have to do with some mysterious disease agent that affects the respiratory system… including the one that got Huebner his job with the Navy in the first place.
End of an Interlude
Just what is a mycoplasma?
A mycoplasma is a species of microorganism lacking a cell wall. It is, apparently, a particle of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. Or, as one researcher expresses it:
“The theme underlying the current evolutionary scheme of mycoplasmas is that of degenerative evolution from walled bacteria.”
In other words, we can begin to understand the mycoplasma by starting with a bacterium. The latter is a one-celled animal. It can take in nutrient, generate energy, and re-produce itself. To place it in perspective, we can contrast its one cell being with the average human adult body, which has between 50 and 100 trillion cells.
Although the bacterium has only one cell it has the ability to re-produce itself. When it does so it draws upon nucleic acids of its DNA for the blueprint of its progeny.
Now, if something kills the bacterium, there is apparently a mechanism to preserve some of the bacterial genetic make-up. In some instances particles of the bacterial DNA or RNA are able to save themselves from destruction by manufacturing a protective protein coat. Such particles are what we know of as viruses. Although such particles in their protein coats are unable to reproduce themselves alone, they can invade certain other living cells where they can in some instances, utilize their host cell’s reproductive system to reproduce itself. This is usually done to the detriment of the host cell and the consequences present as disease.
Unlike the virus, the particle of bacterial DNA/ RNA without a cell wall and called the ‘mycoplasma’ can reproduce itself outside of a host cell. However, many species can do great damage to other cells, frequently leading to cell death. Here’s how that works.
Three microbiological researchers [Rottem, Pfendt, and Hayflick] were able to demonstrate in 1971 how the mycoplasmal damage is done. It seems that certain species of mycoplasma, because they are only particles of a complete DNA/RNA have no capacity to manufacture their own growth requirements. To make up for this short-coming, while still possessing the essential urge to live, these species can up-take pre-formed sterols from their host and incorporate these sterols into their own being. Ultimately the loss of such sterols, especially from their membranes, both external and internal, leads to the death of the host, and further damage is then done. The damage that is done is broadly categorized as ‘degenerative’ and there’s where we came in… studying Huebner’s work with the spontaneously degenerating adenoid tissues in Naval recruits.
Here, apparently, is what was happening, and how this led in turn to AIDS.
The Naval recruits, sharing cramped sleeping and living quarters, were exposed to and inhaled air breathed many times over by all of them. In such an environment any pathogenic microorganism was not received and then exchanged for fresh and non-contaminated air, but was constantly being re-introduced into the lungs to challenge the immune defence processes provided by the body. In time those recruits with the least immune defence, would begin to present with the lung infection and in some cases with degenerating adenoids. And it is at the latter point that we began our study of Huebner with his Naval recruits; acute respiratory disease; degenerating adenoids; PPLO and finally the mycoplasma.
[The same principle appears to be at work today in certain work situations and the incidence of disease. For example, the largest employee groups presenting with chronic fatigue syndrome are schoolteachers, hospital workers and airline flight crews. All are exposed in their work to closed space re-circulated air for lengthy periods of time.]
Huebner followed up his initial work with the help of Drs. Manaker, Todaro and Aaronson and as we shall demonstrate in the article below [The Rockefeller Stable of Talent], all figure significantly in the so-called Special Virus Cancer Program. For example, on page 327 of the Progress Report # 8 of the SVCP Todaro is credited with an article titled “Rapid detection mycoplasma-infected cell cultures” , while on page 282 of the same document, Manaker is reported to have experimented with primates by inoculating 33 chimpanzees with the mashed up tissue of diseased human lymph glands. Finally, on page 303 of the document we find that two of these researchers, Todaro and Aaronson, were busy with Huebner himself working with a mouse sarcoma virus. (You will recall that Kaposi’s sarcoma is an important symptom of AIDS).
Summary
In the late 1940’s and early 1950’s Robert Huebner went to work with the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 4 to study chronic and recurring respiratory diseases. In the process of doing his research, he realized that the organism which gave rise to one such disease also infected the adenoids of the recruits. Further research showed that the microorganism involved in the adenoidal degeneration, which he had first labeled as a pleural pneumonia-like organism, was actually a bacterial DNA/RNA particle called a mycoplasma. Huebner and his Navy employers quickly realized that the mycoplasma had great potential in a field of research that greatly interested them all: biowar weapons development. Other researchers such as Todaro, Aaronson and Hayflick were recruited to covertly pursue the latter prospect. One of the co-factors of AIDS, the mycoplasma, was well on its way to being put to work to reduce the rate of world population growth.
AIDS: Made in America part 1
From The Journal of Degenerative Diseases Summer, 2004 Vol.5, Number 3. This will be a multi-part series to show AIDS was indeed "made in America" as a project to depopulate the world pillage sovereign nations of their resources. This has been an ongoing project since WWII by the Rockefeller Foundations. After reading this, anyone receiving a vaccination sponsored by ANY government is crazy. Many thanks to Donald W. Scott, Editor-in-Chief and William L.C. Scott who are the authors of this information.
The word AIDS is an acronym made up of the first letters of the words in the phrase ‘acquired immune deficiency syndrome’ or sometimes ‘ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.’
According to many medical history reference books AIDS was identified as a specific disease entity in 1981. And therein lies our first anomaly. You see there was an earlier phrase that was strikingly similar to the one now in use to label the horrible epidemic that is killing over 8000 people a day. The earlier phrase appeared ten years earlier in 1971 when it was used by two medical researchers who were working at the Stanford University School of Medicine in California! The two researchers were Thomas C. Merigan and David A. Stevens. They had used the phrase in the title of an article published in the November-December issue of Federation Proceedings.
Here is the title of the Merigan, Stevens article: “Viral infections in man associated with acquired immunological deficiency states.” Note the acronym formed from the phrase: AIDS. Now, how does it happen that ten years before there was such an entity as AIDS, Drs. Merigan and Stevens are able to write about AIDS?
Was it just a co-incidence, or is there more here than meets the eye?
To answer this question we will have to take a look at who the people were that coined the acronym and what they were involved in. And, we’ll have to look at the institutions that were involved: who were they? What were they up to? Who was paying them and with whom were they working and for what reason? However, before we answer these and other questions, here is another strange thing about AIDS that you need to know.
On June 9, 1969, Dr. Donald MacArthur of the Pentagon met in secret with a small group of Congressmen who were on a deep secret committee that monitored the work being done by the United States in the field of biological and chemical weapons development. They were gathered to approve the Congressional Black Budget items for 1970. It is important to note this meeting because it means that the development of AIDS and other biowar agents was an official U.S. Government activity. It wasn’t just a group of rogue lunatics abusing positions of power. The Government of the United States as the elected representatives of the American people was and still is heavily involved in finding ways to kill and maim human beings in order to advance Government policies and objectives. As a consequence, the American people themselves are culpable in mass murder, for it was and is their agents who are doing the dirty work.
So, June 9, 1969, Pentagon to Congress: Dr. MacArthur tells the peoples’ representatives the following: “There are two things about the biological agent field I would like to mention. One is the possibility of technological surprise. Molecular biology is a field that is advancing very rapidly, and eminent biologists believe that within a period of 5 to 10 years it would be possible to produce a synthetic biological agent, an agent that does not naturally exist and for which no natural immunity could have been acquired! That’s an ‘acquired immune deficiency state…AIDS!
Let’s parse those last seven words: ‘no natural immunity could have been acquired.’
Now, if one has no money, one has a deficiency of money. If one has no immunity, one has a deficiency of immunity; or, put another way: one has an ‘immune deficiency’. Furthermore, note that MacArthur is speaking about an acquired immunity.
If MacArthur’s eminent biologists have told him that within ‘5 to 10’ years they could have an agent that does not naturally exist, it would, of course, be one which they would have to engineer in their laboratories. And, it would be available between 1975 and 1980.
When was AIDS initially diagnosed in the United States?
And is it an agent for which no natural immunity could have been acquired?
Of course it was and is!
But, MacArthur has some other details for the peoples’ representatives in Congress. He tells them that this new agent…”might be refractory to the immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease.”
What infectious diseases might he be talking about?
Well, he could be referring to something like Kaposi’s sarcoma, which is a disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes and was formerly limited to elderly men, especially in certain North African countries.
Or, he might be talking about Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which shows up in infected lung tissue as cysts, containing six or eight oval bodies, and that attacks especially the interstitium of the lungs with marked thickening of the alveolar septa and of the alveoli.
And, of course, he could be talking about lymphadeno-pathy, which was what Luc Montagnier found in the blood of some early AIDS victims. When Luc was studying his samples of blood from the AIDS victims, the virus-like particles that he spotted were like those that he in his experience as a leading microbiological researcher associated with lymphadenopathy. The latter is a disease characterized
by the abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes so Luc named his discovered particles “Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus” or “LAV. ” Thus the first acronym to be used to label what is now labeled as AIDS was LAV.
At this point, Luc Montagnier made a mistake. He sent a summary of what he had discovered to the American researcher, Robert Gallo. Gallo promptly used Montagnier’s work to re-produce the LAV particle in his own lab and he re-named it HTLV-111, or Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus, third species.
If you haven’t followed the above paragraph, here is what it means: Gallo had stolen Montagnier’s intellectual property. Period.
Montagnier sued for damages.
Thanks to pressure from President Ronald Reagan, Gallo and Montagnier got together in a secret session wherein they agreed that both had discovered the disease agent that caused illness by lowering the victim’s immune system. Furthermore, they would share in any profits to be made from this dramatic discovery, and Luc would drop his legal suit against Gallo. Later they agreed that the newly discovered organism should be called a Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV] and the LAV and HTLV-111 labels should be dropped.
Getting murky, isn’t it? But, we’ll make it all clear in the article below, titled: “Robert Gallo: ‘Thanks Luc.’”
To summarize to this point. In 1969 Dr. MacArthur of the U.S. Military biowar research folks, told some devious Congressmen that eminent biologists were almost ready with a new infectious organism, which would be refractory to the human immune system. This new organism would make humans infected with it subject to diseases that they otherwise would have been able to fight off as part of their natural immune defence system. Diseases such as Kaposi’s sarcoma; Pneumoniae carinii pneumonia; lymphadenopathy; and others.
Such a masterpiece of biological engineering could be ready between 1975 and 1980, if Congress approved. Well, Congress did approve and work by MacArthur’s ‘eminent biologists’ continued with re-newed vigor. [See the article below: “The Rockefellers’ Stable of Talent (Are you there, Henry?)]
Then, lo and behold, in 1981 there popped into the world a new disease organism which Luc Montagnier of France called LAV and which when stolen from Montagnier by Robert Gallo, had been re-named HTLV-111, but which by agreement became HIV and which, it is now claimed, is the cause of AIDS.
And, we have already noted that AIDS, whether caused by LAV or HTLV-111 or HIV, and which presents as various opportunistic diseases such as described, had turned up in the scientific literature ten years before it had been officially discovered. It turned up in an article by Thomas Merigan and David Stevens.
So, critical dates to remember:
1969: the Pentagon promises AIDS
1971: Merigan and Stevens write about AIDS
1981: AIDS discovered!
Please take a moment as a (hopefully) moral human being and savor this chronology:
1. Promise of AIDS; 2. Reference to AIDS; 3. Delivery of AIDS. Then ask yourself these questions: Is the AIDS that MacArthur promised Congress the same AIDS that by 2004 has already killed millions and is going to kill millions more? If it is, then ask: Were Merigan and Stevens part of that group of ‘eminent biologists’ to whom MacArthur had referred? In other words, were they all involved in the creation of the most deadly weapon of war ever devised by man?
To answer these and other questions, let’s take a closer look at Merigan and Stevens and the institutions for which they worked.
According to the brief biographical notes which accompanied the November-December article ‘Viral infections in man associated with acquired immunological deficiency states’ published in Federation Proceedings by Merigan and Stevens, the authors are listed as being members of the “Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.”
So, let’s start with Stanford University and any link the latter institution might have with the eugenics school of thought. Here, we hit the jackpot. It was Stanford University that spawned Dr. Paul Ehrlich who, in 1968 ( just the year before Dr. MacArthur’s promise of a new infectious agent that would help control world population growth) published his book titled The Population Bomb. In this book Ehrlich urges that the United States Government must “…take immediate action at home and worldwide to slow population growth.” The book was an immense hit with the public at large and scared many of them badly. But, it also had fans in high places, including a Congressman from Texas named George H. W. Bush and the about to be designated National Security Advisor to President Nixon: Henry Kissinger.
But, we cannot of course condemn people as guilty because of their association with criminals. Just because Stanford University was a hot bed of eugenicists didn’t make Merigan one, and his article on AIDS ten years before there was any such thing as AIDS might have been a co-incidence. Just might.
To determine whether Merigan was an early member of MacArthur’s group of ‘eminent biologists’ who were sure that they could produce the AIDS we have come to know so well, let’s skip ahead a few years to see if Dr. Merigan, the 1971 psychic writer about AIDS has any possible links with the AIDS that popped into the world in 1981.
Where was Dr. Merigan eighteen years later in 1989?
Why we find him acting as Chairman of the Primary Infection Committee of Tony Fauci’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases doing work on AIDS Clinical Drug Development. In other words the psychic was working with the real McCoy AIDS, trying to find ways to make a buck out of the tragedy. And what kind of researcher was he is this role? Well, one researcher has this to say:
“Merigan stripped them [AIDS victims] of their humanity and made them part of his laboratory work, the work of his cohorts, the researchers. It was a damning exercise in selfishness. It was also an exercise in ignorance.”
Now we can turn to Merigan’s psychic co-author, David A. Stevens.
In February 1971, Dr. Stevens is listed as a co-author of another significant study titled “Concurrent Infectious Mononucleosis and Acute Leukemia. Case Reports. Review of the Literature and Serologic Studies with the Herpes-Type Virus (EB Virus). The article appears in Volume 50 of the American Journal of Medicine. Stevens is also noted as having been at the time he shared in writing the article “ From the Viral Biology and Viral Leukemia-Lymphoma Branches and the Program Analysis Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.” By the time the article saw the light of day in print, Stevens had joined Merigan at Stanford.
To those readers who are not already familiar with the labyrinth of evil hidden within the bowels of the National Institutes of Health, let us advise you right off that the title of the above article is rife with scary implications. Let us now parse the title and demonstrate why the article might well rightfully frighten a reasonably moral reader.
Concurrent…flowing together… just what is it that is flowing with what else? Why none other than a disease form called ‘infectious mononucleosis’ united with another disease form called ‘leukemia.’ And, with what does Stevens et al tie these in? He ties them to the Herpes-Type Epstein-Barr Virus.
So, in the same year (1971) that Stevens is writing about AIDS, which is still ten years away (1981), he is also writing about the concurrence of ‘mononucleosis, leukemia and Epstein-Barr’.
And when do you suppose that these three were destined to meet again?
Well, they pop up in 1981 (the same year that AIDS was officially acknowledged.) In that same year they are all associated with another new disease entity called Chronic Fatigue Syndrome [CFS].
Now isn’t that interesting?
At this point we must return briefly to the Meeting of June 9, 1969, when Dr. MacArthur of the Pentagon told several devious Congressmen that eminent biologists with whom the Military was working believed that by 1980 they could have a bioweapon that was lethal because it would be refractory to the human immune system…AIDS.
An Interlude
We need to add something else that MacArthur revealed on June 9, 1969. In that same meeting he told the Congressmen that not only was the Military working on a lethal biowar agent, but that they were also working on a disabling biowar agent. It is now evident that the lethal agent produced AIDS and the disabling agent produced CFS in the victims.
Why have a lethal weapon to fight against a growing world population and a disabling weapon?
The answer to this question is cruelly logical, and here it is: this moral cesspool that we call ‘modern society’ is so selfish and self-serving and ethno-centric that it is possible to kill off 8000 Black and Brown skinned humans a day as is happening with AIDS, without any worry about a public outcry, but if 8000 Whites were dying daily [three 9/11’s daily] there would be a revolution. So, to take the latter (especially women) out of life without killing them, the Military developed the ‘mirror-image’ of AIDS, that is CFS, and as we shall see, contrived to create a parallel epidemic of the disabling disease.
Along with the science of developing the lethal and disabling population control agents, the dark powers with the necessary resources also developed what they term ‘media assets’ to down-play the tragedy and to blunt public demand for answers.
Thus AIDS was labeled ‘the gay plague’ and CFS was labeled ‘the Yuppie flu’ to make them sound like something less than the terrible diseases that they are. In the media AIDS victims were presented as homosexual sinners and the victims of CFS as neurotic middle-aged women, and the public health agencies could ignore the dawning epidemics because the public really didn’t care.
And, as we have noted, both AIDS and CFS officially came into the human family in 1981.Just eleven years after MacArthur’s promise to Congress.
End Of An Interlude
We can now return to David A. Stevens and his research article linking mononucleosis, leukemia and Epstein-Barr virus. In the Interlude above, we introduced the fact that a mirror image of AIDS turned up in 1981. It is critical to note that when CFS appeared in the world, none other than Stevens’ former co-author, Dr. Thomas Merigan, emerged as an expert on the new disease. He also turned out to be quite a liar when it came to explaining some of his ‘expert’ opinions. His self-proclaimed motto was “If you can’t dazzle ‘em with brilliance, baffle ‘em with bullshit” and that is just what he tried to do.
A case in point involved an early CFS victim named Julie Pritchard. When she became ill she was referred to Merigan. Without even examining her physically, he declared that there was no evidence of a viral infection and dismissed her. Pritchard puts it this way: “Let me just be brief. I went to Stanford, and they never, ever - they never touched me basically. Neither one of them [Merigan and a doctor Leslie Dorfman]. They never examined me. I was not physically touched by either of them. They spent fifteen minutes with me- combined - and drew the conclusion that I was a neurotic middle-aged broad who had mental problems. Then they told me to go away.” (On the record by author, Hillary Johnson: Osler’s Web)
Is it just a co-incidence that two doctors, Merigan and Stevens, were busy in 1971 studying and writing about AIDS and another disease presentation where mononucleosis, leukemia and EB virus were concurrent, and then when AIDS and CFS [which was linked to the same three disease signs and symptoms] became diseases on the record, the same two Doctors turned up as experts on both? And, is it just a co-incidence that the Pentagon in 1969 revealed that they were working to develop a lethal biowar agent [such as AIDS] and a disabling biowar agent [such as CFS]? Let’s continue following the trail.
When researchers publish articles such as the AIDS/ CFS articles by Merigan and Stevens in 1971, their observations do not emerge from the ether. Their work is based upon precedent work, and when one examines where the current position originates, greater insight is gained into just what was going on to produce later expertise in the subjects under study.
In other words, upon what precedents were ‘eminent biologists’ like Merigan and Stevens drawing that permitted them to become so psychic about pending disease tragedies? We need to consider their sources.
One of the Merigan-Stevens’ sources was a ‘Wallace P. Rowe’, who with four co-authors wrote an article in 1966 which was published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. Although all five authors are of interest, Rowe, especially, needs to be studied further. In the late 1940’s and early 1950’s Dr. Rowe was working with a Dr. Robert Huebner on an assignment from the United States Navy, attempting to find out why Naval Recruits were subject to infection presenting as what they called a chronic or ‘walking’ form of pneumonia.
In the process of their research Rowe and Huebner had come to realize that the chronic pneumonia (which they attributed to a pleuropneumonia organism) was often accompanied in the recruits by a ‘spontaneous degeneration’ of the adenoids. And there you have the very beginning of AIDS.
If any one person can be called the ‘father’ of AIDS, it is Dr. Robert Huebner. But, he had a number of co-researchers, and others, like Merigan and Stevens, drew upon Huebner’s research as they worked their AIDS/ CFS psychic magic. However, before we turn our attention to Huebner, there are a couple more points to be made about the 1971 research of Drs. Merigan and Stevens.
It is evident that in 1971 researchers such as Drs. Merigan and Stevens could write articles which anticipated both AIDS and CFS, because they were, wittingly or unwittingly, part of a larger research project to develop these two great plagues.
At the end of Dr. Stevens’ report on the concurrence of mononucleosis, leukemia and Epstein-Barr virus, the authors thank a Dr. Robert Manaker and a Dr. Edward Henderson for their ‘critical review of the manuscript’. Obviously, one scientist does not ask other scientists for their critical review unless those being asked are acknowledged as experts in the field of study. Who, then, were Drs. Manaker and Henderson, and what had they done to merit the confidence and respect of Stevens et al?
Robert Manaker has several claims to fame. First of all, his last initial “M” is coupled with the last initial of one of his colleagues, a Dr. Paul Kotin, “K”. This pairing of “MK” turns up in a strange government document titled “Special Virus Cancer Program (SVCP) Progress Report #8 “, dated ‘July, 1971’. Here is how these initials appear on page 282 of the document cited: “MK-SVLP”.
Observe two things about this MK-SVLP acronym. First, note the L. It stands for ‘Leukemia/ Lymphoma”. Now observe that the reference is in the Progress Report for the Special Virus Cancer Program. SVLP and SVCP… what is unusual here? Just this.
When Richard Nixon became President in the election of 1968, he designated Henry Kissinger as his National Security Advisor. A couple of years into his presidency, Nixon declared his famous ‘War on Cancer’. Then, in 1971 the scientists running the program issued their report on the progress of this war, but for some reason, they labeled their first report as “Progress Report # 8 “. Where were the first seven reports?
Well, it is not until we get to “SVCP-Progress Report # 10” that we learn from page 4, that the SVCP had originally been the SVLP from 1965 until 1967. Then, when Nixon and Kissinger came to power in 1968, the study of Leukemia/Lymphoma suddenly became the study of Cancer!
As we observed above in our discussion of LAV / HTLV-111 / HIV things seem to get awfully ‘murky’; so, in the whole matter of SVLP /SVCP murkiness is the dominant quality. And that murkiness is intentional. You see, back in 1952-3, when eugenicist Nelson Rockefeller joined the Eisenhower administration as a special link between the President and the newly created Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and for a while as an Under Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Rockefeller set up a covert program known as “MKULTRA”. Ostensibly the program was to study ‘brain-washing’, but actually it was a secret program which had within itself over 180 sub-programs. One of these sub-programs was devoted to following up on the recent work of a Dr. Robert Huebner who had established a linkage between the spontaneous degeneration of the adenoids and a mysterious microorganism, which he called a PPLO or pleuropneumonia-like organism.
We will develop the Huebner/ PPLO research in the next article “Robert Huebner: ‘Adenoids to Alzheimer’s’”, and the Rockefeller / Kissinger/ SVCP cluster in a later article. But at this point we should note the use of ‘MK’ as prefix to CIA covert program code names. Was the MK of MKULTRA the same MK as that in MK-SVLP?
We’ll see.
Before we leave Tom Merigan and David Stevens, we must do one more thing…we must look at the sources they quote as listed in the References at the end of each article. First to “Viral infections in man associated with AIDS”, note and watch for the following:
17. Burnet, F. M.…Please see Exhibit One: the ‘Burnet/ Kissinger’ re-print below.
76. DeConti, J. R. …
And in “Concurrent Infectious Mononucleosis and Acute Leukemia”, note and watch for the following:
7. Henle G., Henle W.
9. Henle G., Henle W.
10. Henle G., Henle W.
15 Henle G.,.Henle W.
33. De The G.
What are we to conclude from this brief overview of the Merigan/ Stevens’ articles about AIDS and CFS written ten years before there were any such diseases? We can only conclude, and we shall bear this out in the following articles of this Special Issue of JODD, that the authors knew and were working with other ‘eminent scientists’ working with the Pentagon to create new weapons of war. And what war would these weapons be used in? It was the war against the growing population of the world, secretly declared upon millions of innocent victims by the Rockefeller/ military/ financial/ cabal built around the doctrine of eugenics.
The word AIDS is an acronym made up of the first letters of the words in the phrase ‘acquired immune deficiency syndrome’ or sometimes ‘ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.’
According to many medical history reference books AIDS was identified as a specific disease entity in 1981. And therein lies our first anomaly. You see there was an earlier phrase that was strikingly similar to the one now in use to label the horrible epidemic that is killing over 8000 people a day. The earlier phrase appeared ten years earlier in 1971 when it was used by two medical researchers who were working at the Stanford University School of Medicine in California! The two researchers were Thomas C. Merigan and David A. Stevens. They had used the phrase in the title of an article published in the November-December issue of Federation Proceedings.
Here is the title of the Merigan, Stevens article: “Viral infections in man associated with acquired immunological deficiency states.” Note the acronym formed from the phrase: AIDS. Now, how does it happen that ten years before there was such an entity as AIDS, Drs. Merigan and Stevens are able to write about AIDS?
Was it just a co-incidence, or is there more here than meets the eye?
To answer this question we will have to take a look at who the people were that coined the acronym and what they were involved in. And, we’ll have to look at the institutions that were involved: who were they? What were they up to? Who was paying them and with whom were they working and for what reason? However, before we answer these and other questions, here is another strange thing about AIDS that you need to know.
On June 9, 1969, Dr. Donald MacArthur of the Pentagon met in secret with a small group of Congressmen who were on a deep secret committee that monitored the work being done by the United States in the field of biological and chemical weapons development. They were gathered to approve the Congressional Black Budget items for 1970. It is important to note this meeting because it means that the development of AIDS and other biowar agents was an official U.S. Government activity. It wasn’t just a group of rogue lunatics abusing positions of power. The Government of the United States as the elected representatives of the American people was and still is heavily involved in finding ways to kill and maim human beings in order to advance Government policies and objectives. As a consequence, the American people themselves are culpable in mass murder, for it was and is their agents who are doing the dirty work.
So, June 9, 1969, Pentagon to Congress: Dr. MacArthur tells the peoples’ representatives the following: “There are two things about the biological agent field I would like to mention. One is the possibility of technological surprise. Molecular biology is a field that is advancing very rapidly, and eminent biologists believe that within a period of 5 to 10 years it would be possible to produce a synthetic biological agent, an agent that does not naturally exist and for which no natural immunity could have been acquired! That’s an ‘acquired immune deficiency state…AIDS!
Let’s parse those last seven words: ‘no natural immunity could have been acquired.’
Now, if one has no money, one has a deficiency of money. If one has no immunity, one has a deficiency of immunity; or, put another way: one has an ‘immune deficiency’. Furthermore, note that MacArthur is speaking about an acquired immunity.
If MacArthur’s eminent biologists have told him that within ‘5 to 10’ years they could have an agent that does not naturally exist, it would, of course, be one which they would have to engineer in their laboratories. And, it would be available between 1975 and 1980.
When was AIDS initially diagnosed in the United States?
And is it an agent for which no natural immunity could have been acquired?
Of course it was and is!
But, MacArthur has some other details for the peoples’ representatives in Congress. He tells them that this new agent…”might be refractory to the immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease.”
What infectious diseases might he be talking about?
Well, he could be referring to something like Kaposi’s sarcoma, which is a disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes and was formerly limited to elderly men, especially in certain North African countries.
Or, he might be talking about Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which shows up in infected lung tissue as cysts, containing six or eight oval bodies, and that attacks especially the interstitium of the lungs with marked thickening of the alveolar septa and of the alveoli.
And, of course, he could be talking about lymphadeno-pathy, which was what Luc Montagnier found in the blood of some early AIDS victims. When Luc was studying his samples of blood from the AIDS victims, the virus-like particles that he spotted were like those that he in his experience as a leading microbiological researcher associated with lymphadenopathy. The latter is a disease characterized
by the abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes so Luc named his discovered particles “Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus” or “LAV. ” Thus the first acronym to be used to label what is now labeled as AIDS was LAV.
At this point, Luc Montagnier made a mistake. He sent a summary of what he had discovered to the American researcher, Robert Gallo. Gallo promptly used Montagnier’s work to re-produce the LAV particle in his own lab and he re-named it HTLV-111, or Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus, third species.
If you haven’t followed the above paragraph, here is what it means: Gallo had stolen Montagnier’s intellectual property. Period.
Montagnier sued for damages.
Thanks to pressure from President Ronald Reagan, Gallo and Montagnier got together in a secret session wherein they agreed that both had discovered the disease agent that caused illness by lowering the victim’s immune system. Furthermore, they would share in any profits to be made from this dramatic discovery, and Luc would drop his legal suit against Gallo. Later they agreed that the newly discovered organism should be called a Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV] and the LAV and HTLV-111 labels should be dropped.
Getting murky, isn’t it? But, we’ll make it all clear in the article below, titled: “Robert Gallo: ‘Thanks Luc.’”
To summarize to this point. In 1969 Dr. MacArthur of the U.S. Military biowar research folks, told some devious Congressmen that eminent biologists were almost ready with a new infectious organism, which would be refractory to the human immune system. This new organism would make humans infected with it subject to diseases that they otherwise would have been able to fight off as part of their natural immune defence system. Diseases such as Kaposi’s sarcoma; Pneumoniae carinii pneumonia; lymphadenopathy; and others.
Such a masterpiece of biological engineering could be ready between 1975 and 1980, if Congress approved. Well, Congress did approve and work by MacArthur’s ‘eminent biologists’ continued with re-newed vigor. [See the article below: “The Rockefellers’ Stable of Talent (Are you there, Henry?)]
Then, lo and behold, in 1981 there popped into the world a new disease organism which Luc Montagnier of France called LAV and which when stolen from Montagnier by Robert Gallo, had been re-named HTLV-111, but which by agreement became HIV and which, it is now claimed, is the cause of AIDS.
And, we have already noted that AIDS, whether caused by LAV or HTLV-111 or HIV, and which presents as various opportunistic diseases such as described, had turned up in the scientific literature ten years before it had been officially discovered. It turned up in an article by Thomas Merigan and David Stevens.
So, critical dates to remember:
1969: the Pentagon promises AIDS
1971: Merigan and Stevens write about AIDS
1981: AIDS discovered!
Please take a moment as a (hopefully) moral human being and savor this chronology:
1. Promise of AIDS; 2. Reference to AIDS; 3. Delivery of AIDS. Then ask yourself these questions: Is the AIDS that MacArthur promised Congress the same AIDS that by 2004 has already killed millions and is going to kill millions more? If it is, then ask: Were Merigan and Stevens part of that group of ‘eminent biologists’ to whom MacArthur had referred? In other words, were they all involved in the creation of the most deadly weapon of war ever devised by man?
To answer these and other questions, let’s take a closer look at Merigan and Stevens and the institutions for which they worked.
According to the brief biographical notes which accompanied the November-December article ‘Viral infections in man associated with acquired immunological deficiency states’ published in Federation Proceedings by Merigan and Stevens, the authors are listed as being members of the “Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.”
So, let’s start with Stanford University and any link the latter institution might have with the eugenics school of thought. Here, we hit the jackpot. It was Stanford University that spawned Dr. Paul Ehrlich who, in 1968 ( just the year before Dr. MacArthur’s promise of a new infectious agent that would help control world population growth) published his book titled The Population Bomb. In this book Ehrlich urges that the United States Government must “…take immediate action at home and worldwide to slow population growth.” The book was an immense hit with the public at large and scared many of them badly. But, it also had fans in high places, including a Congressman from Texas named George H. W. Bush and the about to be designated National Security Advisor to President Nixon: Henry Kissinger.
But, we cannot of course condemn people as guilty because of their association with criminals. Just because Stanford University was a hot bed of eugenicists didn’t make Merigan one, and his article on AIDS ten years before there was any such thing as AIDS might have been a co-incidence. Just might.
To determine whether Merigan was an early member of MacArthur’s group of ‘eminent biologists’ who were sure that they could produce the AIDS we have come to know so well, let’s skip ahead a few years to see if Dr. Merigan, the 1971 psychic writer about AIDS has any possible links with the AIDS that popped into the world in 1981.
Where was Dr. Merigan eighteen years later in 1989?
Why we find him acting as Chairman of the Primary Infection Committee of Tony Fauci’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases doing work on AIDS Clinical Drug Development. In other words the psychic was working with the real McCoy AIDS, trying to find ways to make a buck out of the tragedy. And what kind of researcher was he is this role? Well, one researcher has this to say:
“Merigan stripped them [AIDS victims] of their humanity and made them part of his laboratory work, the work of his cohorts, the researchers. It was a damning exercise in selfishness. It was also an exercise in ignorance.”
Now we can turn to Merigan’s psychic co-author, David A. Stevens.
In February 1971, Dr. Stevens is listed as a co-author of another significant study titled “Concurrent Infectious Mononucleosis and Acute Leukemia. Case Reports. Review of the Literature and Serologic Studies with the Herpes-Type Virus (EB Virus). The article appears in Volume 50 of the American Journal of Medicine. Stevens is also noted as having been at the time he shared in writing the article “ From the Viral Biology and Viral Leukemia-Lymphoma Branches and the Program Analysis Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.” By the time the article saw the light of day in print, Stevens had joined Merigan at Stanford.
To those readers who are not already familiar with the labyrinth of evil hidden within the bowels of the National Institutes of Health, let us advise you right off that the title of the above article is rife with scary implications. Let us now parse the title and demonstrate why the article might well rightfully frighten a reasonably moral reader.
Concurrent…flowing together… just what is it that is flowing with what else? Why none other than a disease form called ‘infectious mononucleosis’ united with another disease form called ‘leukemia.’ And, with what does Stevens et al tie these in? He ties them to the Herpes-Type Epstein-Barr Virus.
So, in the same year (1971) that Stevens is writing about AIDS, which is still ten years away (1981), he is also writing about the concurrence of ‘mononucleosis, leukemia and Epstein-Barr’.
And when do you suppose that these three were destined to meet again?
Well, they pop up in 1981 (the same year that AIDS was officially acknowledged.) In that same year they are all associated with another new disease entity called Chronic Fatigue Syndrome [CFS].
Now isn’t that interesting?
At this point we must return briefly to the Meeting of June 9, 1969, when Dr. MacArthur of the Pentagon told several devious Congressmen that eminent biologists with whom the Military was working believed that by 1980 they could have a bioweapon that was lethal because it would be refractory to the human immune system…AIDS.
An Interlude
We need to add something else that MacArthur revealed on June 9, 1969. In that same meeting he told the Congressmen that not only was the Military working on a lethal biowar agent, but that they were also working on a disabling biowar agent. It is now evident that the lethal agent produced AIDS and the disabling agent produced CFS in the victims.
Why have a lethal weapon to fight against a growing world population and a disabling weapon?
The answer to this question is cruelly logical, and here it is: this moral cesspool that we call ‘modern society’ is so selfish and self-serving and ethno-centric that it is possible to kill off 8000 Black and Brown skinned humans a day as is happening with AIDS, without any worry about a public outcry, but if 8000 Whites were dying daily [three 9/11’s daily] there would be a revolution. So, to take the latter (especially women) out of life without killing them, the Military developed the ‘mirror-image’ of AIDS, that is CFS, and as we shall see, contrived to create a parallel epidemic of the disabling disease.
Along with the science of developing the lethal and disabling population control agents, the dark powers with the necessary resources also developed what they term ‘media assets’ to down-play the tragedy and to blunt public demand for answers.
Thus AIDS was labeled ‘the gay plague’ and CFS was labeled ‘the Yuppie flu’ to make them sound like something less than the terrible diseases that they are. In the media AIDS victims were presented as homosexual sinners and the victims of CFS as neurotic middle-aged women, and the public health agencies could ignore the dawning epidemics because the public really didn’t care.
And, as we have noted, both AIDS and CFS officially came into the human family in 1981.Just eleven years after MacArthur’s promise to Congress.
End Of An Interlude
We can now return to David A. Stevens and his research article linking mononucleosis, leukemia and Epstein-Barr virus. In the Interlude above, we introduced the fact that a mirror image of AIDS turned up in 1981. It is critical to note that when CFS appeared in the world, none other than Stevens’ former co-author, Dr. Thomas Merigan, emerged as an expert on the new disease. He also turned out to be quite a liar when it came to explaining some of his ‘expert’ opinions. His self-proclaimed motto was “If you can’t dazzle ‘em with brilliance, baffle ‘em with bullshit” and that is just what he tried to do.
A case in point involved an early CFS victim named Julie Pritchard. When she became ill she was referred to Merigan. Without even examining her physically, he declared that there was no evidence of a viral infection and dismissed her. Pritchard puts it this way: “Let me just be brief. I went to Stanford, and they never, ever - they never touched me basically. Neither one of them [Merigan and a doctor Leslie Dorfman]. They never examined me. I was not physically touched by either of them. They spent fifteen minutes with me- combined - and drew the conclusion that I was a neurotic middle-aged broad who had mental problems. Then they told me to go away.” (On the record by author, Hillary Johnson: Osler’s Web)
Is it just a co-incidence that two doctors, Merigan and Stevens, were busy in 1971 studying and writing about AIDS and another disease presentation where mononucleosis, leukemia and EB virus were concurrent, and then when AIDS and CFS [which was linked to the same three disease signs and symptoms] became diseases on the record, the same two Doctors turned up as experts on both? And, is it just a co-incidence that the Pentagon in 1969 revealed that they were working to develop a lethal biowar agent [such as AIDS] and a disabling biowar agent [such as CFS]? Let’s continue following the trail.
When researchers publish articles such as the AIDS/ CFS articles by Merigan and Stevens in 1971, their observations do not emerge from the ether. Their work is based upon precedent work, and when one examines where the current position originates, greater insight is gained into just what was going on to produce later expertise in the subjects under study.
In other words, upon what precedents were ‘eminent biologists’ like Merigan and Stevens drawing that permitted them to become so psychic about pending disease tragedies? We need to consider their sources.
One of the Merigan-Stevens’ sources was a ‘Wallace P. Rowe’, who with four co-authors wrote an article in 1966 which was published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. Although all five authors are of interest, Rowe, especially, needs to be studied further. In the late 1940’s and early 1950’s Dr. Rowe was working with a Dr. Robert Huebner on an assignment from the United States Navy, attempting to find out why Naval Recruits were subject to infection presenting as what they called a chronic or ‘walking’ form of pneumonia.
In the process of their research Rowe and Huebner had come to realize that the chronic pneumonia (which they attributed to a pleuropneumonia organism) was often accompanied in the recruits by a ‘spontaneous degeneration’ of the adenoids. And there you have the very beginning of AIDS.
If any one person can be called the ‘father’ of AIDS, it is Dr. Robert Huebner. But, he had a number of co-researchers, and others, like Merigan and Stevens, drew upon Huebner’s research as they worked their AIDS/ CFS psychic magic. However, before we turn our attention to Huebner, there are a couple more points to be made about the 1971 research of Drs. Merigan and Stevens.
It is evident that in 1971 researchers such as Drs. Merigan and Stevens could write articles which anticipated both AIDS and CFS, because they were, wittingly or unwittingly, part of a larger research project to develop these two great plagues.
At the end of Dr. Stevens’ report on the concurrence of mononucleosis, leukemia and Epstein-Barr virus, the authors thank a Dr. Robert Manaker and a Dr. Edward Henderson for their ‘critical review of the manuscript’. Obviously, one scientist does not ask other scientists for their critical review unless those being asked are acknowledged as experts in the field of study. Who, then, were Drs. Manaker and Henderson, and what had they done to merit the confidence and respect of Stevens et al?
Robert Manaker has several claims to fame. First of all, his last initial “M” is coupled with the last initial of one of his colleagues, a Dr. Paul Kotin, “K”. This pairing of “MK” turns up in a strange government document titled “Special Virus Cancer Program (SVCP) Progress Report #8 “, dated ‘July, 1971’. Here is how these initials appear on page 282 of the document cited: “MK-SVLP”.
Observe two things about this MK-SVLP acronym. First, note the L. It stands for ‘Leukemia/ Lymphoma”. Now observe that the reference is in the Progress Report for the Special Virus Cancer Program. SVLP and SVCP… what is unusual here? Just this.
When Richard Nixon became President in the election of 1968, he designated Henry Kissinger as his National Security Advisor. A couple of years into his presidency, Nixon declared his famous ‘War on Cancer’. Then, in 1971 the scientists running the program issued their report on the progress of this war, but for some reason, they labeled their first report as “Progress Report # 8 “. Where were the first seven reports?
Well, it is not until we get to “SVCP-Progress Report # 10” that we learn from page 4, that the SVCP had originally been the SVLP from 1965 until 1967. Then, when Nixon and Kissinger came to power in 1968, the study of Leukemia/Lymphoma suddenly became the study of Cancer!
As we observed above in our discussion of LAV / HTLV-111 / HIV things seem to get awfully ‘murky’; so, in the whole matter of SVLP /SVCP murkiness is the dominant quality. And that murkiness is intentional. You see, back in 1952-3, when eugenicist Nelson Rockefeller joined the Eisenhower administration as a special link between the President and the newly created Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and for a while as an Under Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Rockefeller set up a covert program known as “MKULTRA”. Ostensibly the program was to study ‘brain-washing’, but actually it was a secret program which had within itself over 180 sub-programs. One of these sub-programs was devoted to following up on the recent work of a Dr. Robert Huebner who had established a linkage between the spontaneous degeneration of the adenoids and a mysterious microorganism, which he called a PPLO or pleuropneumonia-like organism.
We will develop the Huebner/ PPLO research in the next article “Robert Huebner: ‘Adenoids to Alzheimer’s’”, and the Rockefeller / Kissinger/ SVCP cluster in a later article. But at this point we should note the use of ‘MK’ as prefix to CIA covert program code names. Was the MK of MKULTRA the same MK as that in MK-SVLP?
We’ll see.
Before we leave Tom Merigan and David Stevens, we must do one more thing…we must look at the sources they quote as listed in the References at the end of each article. First to “Viral infections in man associated with AIDS”, note and watch for the following:
17. Burnet, F. M.…Please see Exhibit One: the ‘Burnet/ Kissinger’ re-print below.
76. DeConti, J. R. …
And in “Concurrent Infectious Mononucleosis and Acute Leukemia”, note and watch for the following:
7. Henle G., Henle W.
9. Henle G., Henle W.
10. Henle G., Henle W.
15 Henle G.,.Henle W.
33. De The G.
What are we to conclude from this brief overview of the Merigan/ Stevens’ articles about AIDS and CFS written ten years before there were any such diseases? We can only conclude, and we shall bear this out in the following articles of this Special Issue of JODD, that the authors knew and were working with other ‘eminent scientists’ working with the Pentagon to create new weapons of war. And what war would these weapons be used in? It was the war against the growing population of the world, secretly declared upon millions of innocent victims by the Rockefeller/ military/ financial/ cabal built around the doctrine of eugenics.
Wednesday, October 22, 2008
Biden warns of International Crisis within six months of Obama Presidency
“Mark my words. It will not be six months before the world tests Barack Obama like they did John Kennedy. The world is looking. We’re about to elect a brilliant 47-year-old senator president of the United States of America. Remember I said it standing here if you don’t remember anything else I said. Watch, we’re gonna have an international crisis, a generated crisis, to test the mettle of this guy.”
Biden told the top Democratic donors that a “generated crisis” will develop within six months and Barak Obama will need the help of community leaders to control the population as unpopular decisions are made and Americans resist.
Biden speaking at the fundraiser, “I can give you at least four or five scenarios from where it might originate, And he’s gonna need help. And the kind of help he’s gonna need is, he’s gonna need you - not financially to help him - we’re gonna need you to use your influence, your influence within the community, to stand with him. Because it’s not gonna be apparent initially, it’s not gonna be apparent that we’re right.”
On CNN former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright refers to Biden’s statement that, “It will not be six months before the world tests Barack Obama like they did John Kennedy.” as “just a statement in fact.”
Madeline Albright and Colin Powell are long time insiders of the power elite who generate crisis so they can they offer the solution which invariable involves them getting more power and wealth at the expense of freedom and liberty.
Biden told the top Democratic donors that a “generated crisis” will develop within six months and Barak Obama will need the help of community leaders to control the population as unpopular decisions are made and Americans resist.
Biden speaking at the fundraiser, “I can give you at least four or five scenarios from where it might originate, And he’s gonna need help. And the kind of help he’s gonna need is, he’s gonna need you - not financially to help him - we’re gonna need you to use your influence, your influence within the community, to stand with him. Because it’s not gonna be apparent initially, it’s not gonna be apparent that we’re right.”
On CNN former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright refers to Biden’s statement that, “It will not be six months before the world tests Barack Obama like they did John Kennedy.” as “just a statement in fact.”
Madeline Albright and Colin Powell are long time insiders of the power elite who generate crisis so they can they offer the solution which invariable involves them getting more power and wealth at the expense of freedom and liberty.
Terrorist Michael Chertoff prepares next attack on USA
Duel Israeli/US citizen Michael Chertoff warns USA of next attack he and his cronies are planning for the United States. On July 3rd 1979, the CIA gave birth to Islamic Fundamentalism with a directive signed by President Carter. Brzezinski was Carter's Nation Security Adviser. He also advises Obama. Radical Islam was created and is still controlled by the CIA. Wherever "al-Qaeda appears in the following article, replace it with "CIA and FEMA."
Presidential Change May Spur Attack, Chertoff Says
Oct. 22 (Bloomberg) -- Terrorists may see the change to a new U.S. presidency during the next six months as a prime chance to attack, no matter who wins the White House, Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff said.
``Any period of transition creates a greater vulnerability, meaning there's more likelihood of distraction,'' Chertoff said in an interview yesterday. ``You have to be concerned it will create an operational opportunity for terrorists.''
The risk is the same whether Democrat Barack Obama or Republican John McCain is elected president on Nov. 4, he said. That comment undercuts McCain's argument that the U.S. would be more in danger of an attack if Obama, 47, wins.
McCain, 72, has been citing remarks by Democratic vice presidential nominee Joe Biden on Oct. 19 that ``it will not be six months before the world tests Barack Obama like they did John Kennedy,'' should Obama win the White House.
``We don't want a president who invites testing from the world at a time when our economy is in crisis and Americans are already fighting in two wars,'' McCain said yesterday at a rally in Bensalem, Pennsylvania.
Internet messages show that Islamic militants are paying attention to the election. Members of a jihadist Web site have urged al-Qaeda to stage an attack to boost McCain's chances of winning, according to SITE Intelligence Group, a Bethesda, Maryland-based group that monitors militant Internet sites.
Draining U.S. Strength
On Oct. 20, Muhammad Haafid, a contributor to the al-Hesbah Web site with no known operational involvement with al-Qaeda, said McCain was more likely than Obama to continue wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and drain U.S. military strength, according to Adam Raisman, a senior analyst at SITE Intelligence.
National security advisers for McCain said press reports about the jihadist postings have been misleading. McCain endorsed the U.S. military strategy of working with Iraq's Sunnis, which weakened al-Qaeda in the country, former CIA Director James Woolsey said on a conference call.
``It is ridiculous to believe in its heart of hearts that al-Qaeda wants John McCain to be president,'' Woolsey said.
Chertoff, 54, stressed he didn't know of any specific threat to the country tied to the election or transition, and said terrorist groups are likeliest to attack when their preparations are complete.
Strike When `Ready'
``The general experience has been that they strike when they're operationally ready to strike,'' Chertoff said. The Bush administration has been making security preparations for the transition for more than 18 months, he said.
Chertoff said he was hopeful the next administration would appoint a team that would participate in a national security exercise before President George W. Bush left office.
He said, he's concerned about the effect of rhetoric from some hate groups or individuals during the campaign.
``There's a general level of intemperateness in the discussion as we approach the election,'' he said. ``Do I worry that it could trigger in a disturbed individual a desire to do something? Absolutely, I worry about it.''
On March 11, 2004, an al-Qaeda cell set off 10 bombs targeting passenger trains in Madrid, killing more than 190 and injuring more than 1,400. The attack came three days before Spain's general elections.
`Logical Time'
Former CIA Director George Tenet said in his memoir that his intelligence agency went on higher alert that year, with the U.S. presidential election taking place in November. ``We believed that bin Laden has himself assessed that a logical time to attack the United States was just before the U.S. election,'' Tenet wrote.
Chertoff, who has overseen responses to hurricanes and cooperated in uncovering plots to blow up airliners during his three and a half years as Homeland Security chief, said the country is safer than it was after the Sept. 11 attacks.
He cited the ports, which are ``a hell of a lot more secure.''
Chertoff said he remained concerned about ``ungoverned space'' in Somalia, Yemen and tribal regions of Pakistan that could provide havens for militant organizations.
The Department of Homeland Security and other law- enforcement agencies are also monitoring cells of terrorist sympathizers on U.S. soil, he said.
`Sleepers'
``We do have sleepers or people here who are connected back to terrorists,'' he said.
Chertoff credited administrative initiatives, such as laptop searches, at the border with uncovering information.
``We have found on laptops things which clearly point to terrorist intent and capability,'' he said.
As head of the administration's effort to secure the government's computer networks, Chertoff said technicians are upgrading the so-called Einstein protection system to disrupt cyber attacks. Currently, the system can detect hacking only after it has occurred.
DHS is working with companies to strengthen security at telecommunications and energy firms that are part of the country's infrastructure, he said. The companies aren't required to seek the government's help.
``We don't want to get ourselves into a situation where people start to feel we're imposing ourselves'' on their computer security, Chertoff said.
Illegal Immigrants
He also said his department had clamped down on illegal immigration to the point of deterring people from crossing the Mexican border.
Chertoff said the faltering U.S. economy has slowed illegal immigration, as well.
Fewer jobs also may make it more difficult for the next administration to push an immigration measure through Congress that allows temporary workers from other countries.
``My hunch is it's going to make it harder to get comprehensive immigration reform,'' said Chertoff, who led the administration's failed effort to pass legislation that included a temporary-worker program.
To contact the reporter on this story: Jeff Bliss in Washington
Presidential Change May Spur Attack, Chertoff Says
Oct. 22 (Bloomberg) -- Terrorists may see the change to a new U.S. presidency during the next six months as a prime chance to attack, no matter who wins the White House, Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff said.
``Any period of transition creates a greater vulnerability, meaning there's more likelihood of distraction,'' Chertoff said in an interview yesterday. ``You have to be concerned it will create an operational opportunity for terrorists.''
The risk is the same whether Democrat Barack Obama or Republican John McCain is elected president on Nov. 4, he said. That comment undercuts McCain's argument that the U.S. would be more in danger of an attack if Obama, 47, wins.
McCain, 72, has been citing remarks by Democratic vice presidential nominee Joe Biden on Oct. 19 that ``it will not be six months before the world tests Barack Obama like they did John Kennedy,'' should Obama win the White House.
``We don't want a president who invites testing from the world at a time when our economy is in crisis and Americans are already fighting in two wars,'' McCain said yesterday at a rally in Bensalem, Pennsylvania.
Internet messages show that Islamic militants are paying attention to the election. Members of a jihadist Web site have urged al-Qaeda to stage an attack to boost McCain's chances of winning, according to SITE Intelligence Group, a Bethesda, Maryland-based group that monitors militant Internet sites.
Draining U.S. Strength
On Oct. 20, Muhammad Haafid, a contributor to the al-Hesbah Web site with no known operational involvement with al-Qaeda, said McCain was more likely than Obama to continue wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and drain U.S. military strength, according to Adam Raisman, a senior analyst at SITE Intelligence.
National security advisers for McCain said press reports about the jihadist postings have been misleading. McCain endorsed the U.S. military strategy of working with Iraq's Sunnis, which weakened al-Qaeda in the country, former CIA Director James Woolsey said on a conference call.
``It is ridiculous to believe in its heart of hearts that al-Qaeda wants John McCain to be president,'' Woolsey said.
Chertoff, 54, stressed he didn't know of any specific threat to the country tied to the election or transition, and said terrorist groups are likeliest to attack when their preparations are complete.
Strike When `Ready'
``The general experience has been that they strike when they're operationally ready to strike,'' Chertoff said. The Bush administration has been making security preparations for the transition for more than 18 months, he said.
Chertoff said he was hopeful the next administration would appoint a team that would participate in a national security exercise before President George W. Bush left office.
He said, he's concerned about the effect of rhetoric from some hate groups or individuals during the campaign.
``There's a general level of intemperateness in the discussion as we approach the election,'' he said. ``Do I worry that it could trigger in a disturbed individual a desire to do something? Absolutely, I worry about it.''
On March 11, 2004, an al-Qaeda cell set off 10 bombs targeting passenger trains in Madrid, killing more than 190 and injuring more than 1,400. The attack came three days before Spain's general elections.
`Logical Time'
Former CIA Director George Tenet said in his memoir that his intelligence agency went on higher alert that year, with the U.S. presidential election taking place in November. ``We believed that bin Laden has himself assessed that a logical time to attack the United States was just before the U.S. election,'' Tenet wrote.
Chertoff, who has overseen responses to hurricanes and cooperated in uncovering plots to blow up airliners during his three and a half years as Homeland Security chief, said the country is safer than it was after the Sept. 11 attacks.
He cited the ports, which are ``a hell of a lot more secure.''
Chertoff said he remained concerned about ``ungoverned space'' in Somalia, Yemen and tribal regions of Pakistan that could provide havens for militant organizations.
The Department of Homeland Security and other law- enforcement agencies are also monitoring cells of terrorist sympathizers on U.S. soil, he said.
`Sleepers'
``We do have sleepers or people here who are connected back to terrorists,'' he said.
Chertoff credited administrative initiatives, such as laptop searches, at the border with uncovering information.
``We have found on laptops things which clearly point to terrorist intent and capability,'' he said.
As head of the administration's effort to secure the government's computer networks, Chertoff said technicians are upgrading the so-called Einstein protection system to disrupt cyber attacks. Currently, the system can detect hacking only after it has occurred.
DHS is working with companies to strengthen security at telecommunications and energy firms that are part of the country's infrastructure, he said. The companies aren't required to seek the government's help.
``We don't want to get ourselves into a situation where people start to feel we're imposing ourselves'' on their computer security, Chertoff said.
Illegal Immigrants
He also said his department had clamped down on illegal immigration to the point of deterring people from crossing the Mexican border.
Chertoff said the faltering U.S. economy has slowed illegal immigration, as well.
Fewer jobs also may make it more difficult for the next administration to push an immigration measure through Congress that allows temporary workers from other countries.
``My hunch is it's going to make it harder to get comprehensive immigration reform,'' said Chertoff, who led the administration's failed effort to pass legislation that included a temporary-worker program.
To contact the reporter on this story: Jeff Bliss in Washington
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